165例参加美沙酮维持治疗人员的人口学特征和药物滥用情况

目的:了解参加美沙酮维持治疗人员的人口学特征及药物滥用的基本情况。方法:采用国家药物滥用监测中心设计的《药物滥用监测调查表》,对门诊2005年6月至2007年6月收治的165例美沙酮维持治疗的海洛因依赖者进行调查。结果:165例参加美沙酮维持治疗的人员中,男性135例(81.8%),女性30例(18.2%);年龄35a±s4.32a;已婚61例,占37.0%,未婚76例,占46.1%;无业148例,占89.7%,个体13例,占7.9%;初中及以下125例,占75.8%;高中及以上40例,占24.2%。初次滥用药物的年龄最小17a,最大50(21±s2.46)a;滥用药物年限最短2a,最长17(10±s1.84)a;64.2%的人员滥用的主要药物为海洛因;63.0%人员的滥用场所为居家住所/朋友家;88.5%人员的药物在居住地获得;78.2%人员的药物由同伴提供;滥用药物的原因多种,好奇占的比例最大(57.0%);80.6%人员的滥用方式以注射为主,但只有2例与他人共用过注射器;进入美沙酮维持治疗前,80.0%人员每日滥用药物量在1.5g以内,94.5%的人员每日药物花费(人民币)在900元以内;滥用药物资费来源,以个人收入/积蓄和家人/亲戚提供为主;既往脱毒次数多在2次以上,前次脱毒后至再次滥用药物天数,94.5%在100天以内;因滥用药物感染传染性疾病存在。结论:参加美沙酮维持治疗人员以30a以上,男性、未婚、无业、初中及以下文化者为主;初始滥用年龄低,药物依赖持续时间长,多药滥用;采用注射方式滥用者多;存在艾滋病等传播性疾病的危险。希望美沙酮维持治疗能够改变他们的危险行为,提高其个人、家庭及社会功能。

DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS AND DRUG ABUSE OF 165 HEROIN DEPENDENT PATIENTS ON METHADONE MAINTENANCE TREATMENT

Objective:To understand the demographic characteristics and the basic situation of drug abuse of heroin dependent patients on methadone maintenance treatment(MMT).Methods:An investigation was conducted among 165 heroin dependent patients recruited for MMT from June 2005 to June 2007 with the Drug Abuse Monitoring Questionnaire designed by the National Drug Abuse Surveillance Center.Results:Among the 165 cases,135 cases(81.8%)were male and 30 cases(18.2%)were female;their average age was 35 a±s 4.32 a;61 cases(37.0%)married,76 cases(46.1%)were unmarried;148 cases(89.7%)had no job,13 cases(7.9%)had private business;125 cases(75.8%)had junior high school or lower education;40 cases(24.2%)had senior high school or higher education.The age of initial drug use was 17-50(21±s 2.46)a;the duration of drug abuse was 2-17(10±s 1.84)a;64.2% used heroin mainly;63.0% used drugs mainly at home or friends' home;88.5% got heroin from where they lived as residents;78.2% used drug provided by peers;the reasons for drug abuse were various,but mainly because of curiosity(57.0%);80.6% adopted the route of injecting drugs,but only 2 cases shared needles with others.Before they entered MMT,the average amount of drug use of 80.0% was within 1.5 grams;the average cost(RMB)of most heroin dependent patients(94.5%)was within 900 Yuan.The main sources of their money were their personal income /savings or provided by their families /relatives.Most of them had more than twice experience on getting rid of drugs;94.5% took drugs again within 100 days after their last detoxification.Infectious diseases were observed among them because of drug abuse.Conclusion:Heroin dependent patients on MMT are mainly male,over 30 years old,unmarried,jobless and had low educational level.They started drug use early and use more than one drugs,their drug history is long.The danger of spreading transmitted diseases like HIV/AIDS exist.We hope MMT can change their dangerous behavior and improve their individual,family and social function.