Effects of discrete source-sink arrangements on mixed convection in a square cavity filled by nanofluid

Laminar mixed convection of Al₂O₃/water nanofluid flow in a cavity in which the upper wall is moving from right to left has been studied numerically. Fifteen different arrangements of two discrete sources and four discrete sinks have been considered. This work shows when one source is located at the right side of the bottom wall and other one at the down half of the left wall, total heat transfer achieves its maximum value. The lowest heat transfer rate is achieved when more than two vortexes are created in the cavity (case 13 for Ri=1 and case 5 for Ri=100). In general, for cases with one overall vortex, the cavities which have separate sources induce better cooling and have higher Nu number.