不同品种灵芝子实体及孢子粉元素成分分析及重金属安全性评价

针对我国鲁西地区主栽灵芝品种，利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定不同品种灵芝子实体、孢子粉及破壁孢子粉中元素及重金属含量，开展元素成分分析及重金属安全性评价。元素成分分析结果表明，藏芝和香血芝子实体中大部分元素含量明显高于赤芝、美芝和新大片子实体中元素含量，特别是Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Se、B、V、Co、Sr 9种人体必需微量元素，其中藏芝子实体中Fe元素含量达到234 mg/kg、Zn元素含量达到57.9 mg/kg、Se含量达到0.309 mg/kg，香血芝子实体样品Sr元素含量最高，达到3.60 mg/kg。赤芝粉和赤芝椴木粉元素营养质量高于美芝粉和新大片孢子粉元素营养质量，赤芝粉和赤芝椴木粉中硒含量分别是美芝粉中硒含量的3倍和2倍。重金属安全性分析结果表明5种灵芝子实体与4种孢子粉样品Pb、Hg 2种重金属含量远低于相关标准，安全性较高，藏芝及香血芝子实体、新大片孢子粉样品As元素含量较高，具有一定的安全性风险。破壁技术会造成孢子粉中As、Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni金属元素含量不同程度的提高，孢子粉破壁过程中重金属存在一定的安全风险。

Element Composition Analysis and Heavy Metal Safety Evaluation of Different Varieties of Ganoderma lucidum Fruit Bodies and Their Spore Powders

The contents of elements and heavy metals in the fruit body, spore powder and cell wall -broken spore powder of different Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) varieties cultivated mainly in the west of Shandong province of China were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Element composition analysis and safety evaluation of heavy metals were conducted. The results of elemental composition analysis showed that the contents of most elements in the fruit bodies of G. lucidum of Zangzhi and Xiangxueshi were significantly higher than those of Chizhi, Meizhi and Xindapian samples, especially the 9 essential microelements for the human body such as Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Se, B, V, Co and Sr. The content of Fe, Zn and Se in the fruit body of G. lucidum reached 234 mg/kg, 57.9 mg/kg and 0.309 mg/kg, respectively. The content of Sr in Xiangxueshi G. lucidum was the highest, reaching 3.60 mg/kg. The element nutritional qualities of Chizhi powder and ganodermabasswood powder were higher than those of Meizhi powder and Xindapian powder. The selenium contents of Chizhi spore powder and Ganoderma basswood powder were 3 times and 2 times, respectively, that of Meizhi powder. Heavy metal safety analysis results show that the Pb and Hg contents of the 5 kinds of G. lucidum and 4 kinds of spore powder were far lower than those of the related standards, thus, the safety was higher. The As element contents of Zangzhi, Xiangquezhi and Xindapian spore powders were high, indicating certain safety risk. The contents of As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu and Ni metal elements in the spore powders increased in the process of sporoderm breaking, thus, the sporoderm breaking process may bring in certain safety risk to Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.