农村老年人行为习惯及营养状况影响因素分析

目的 探讨农村老年人群营养卫生状况及影响因素.方法 采用整群抽样法在安徽省某县农村地区抽取2个行政村,实足年龄在60岁～常住老年人,采用自编调查表进行问卷调查.结果 营养初筛量表评分为(6.194±4.139)分.农村老年人营养卫生良好469人(21.2%)、中度危险597人(27.0%)、营养卫生不良1 146人(51.8%).自评营养卫生状况与营养初筛量表得分明显相关(Spearman相关系数r3为0.359,P<0.000 1).多因素有序结果的累积比数Logistic回归分析显示,年龄较高(OR=0.71)、起居困难较重(OR=0.30)、参加娱乐活动(OR=0.81)、睡眠良好(OR=0.55)、经济来源本人或配偶(OR=0.79)、社会支持较好(OR=0.97)为保护因素;而文化程度较高(OR=1.48)、子女外出务工(OR=1.51)孤独感较重(OR=1.04)为危险因素.结论 农村老年人群营养卫生状况不容乐观,且受多种因素影响,应大力加强营养健康教育,从而顺利实现健康老龄化进程.

Nutrition status and Its Influential factors among rural elderly population

Objective To explore the nutrition status and its influential factors among rural elderly population. Meth-ods In two villages of Anhui province,villagers aged 60 years and over were selected. The subjects were investigated with Nutrition Screening Initiative Checklist (NSIC) and the self-designed health information questionnaire. Results The aver-age score of NSIC was 6. 194±4. 139. The rotes of good,moderate nutritional risk and high nutritional risk were 21.2%, 27. 0% and 51. 8%, respectively. The score of NSIC was signiFiCantly correlated with that of nutrition status( Spearman cor-relation r=0. 359, P<0. 0001). Ordinal regression analysis indicated that older age (OR=0. 71), difficult in activities of daily living (OR=0. 30), attending amusement (OR=0. 81), good sleeping (OR=0. 55), pocketbook from their own or their spouses (OR=0. 79), well social support (OR=0. 97) were protective factors. Better education (OR=1.48) ,child' migration for working (OR=1.51),loneliness (OR=1.04) were risk factors. Conclusion Nutrition status among rural elderly population is not good and affected by several factors. Health education and balance nutrition guidance should be strengthened.