论被害人过错影响刑事责任之正当依据

有关被害人过错影响刑事责任的正当依据主要存在"风险创设"、"比较过错"、"值得保护"以及"自我答责"、"期待可能性"几种代表性的理论。这些理论在一定程度上说明了被害人过错影响刑事责任的正当性基础,但这些理论的共同缺陷在于:首先,脱离刑事责任的内在结构本身,片面地理解犯罪构成对刑事责任的决定性作用;其次,将被害人过错理解为纯客观情境因素,无视被害人这一"人"的能动要素对犯罪构成各个层面的复杂、全面的影响。因此,这些理论的解释力和说明性都是有限的。只有从刑事责任的内在构造入手,分析被害人过错对刑事责任内在构成要素的全面影响,才能真正探寻到被害人过错影响刑事责任的正当依据。

On the Legitimate Basis of Criminal Liability Affected by Victims’ Wrong

About the legitimate basis of victim wrongful behavior affecting offender’ s liability,there are several influential theories: risk-creating,comparative fault,deserving protection,self-liability,and expective possibility.These theories to some extent explain the justification of victim wrongful behavior affecting offender’ s liability,but their common defection exist in: First,owing to be divorced from the criminal liability’ s inherent construct,their understanding about composition of crime’ s function on the criminal liability is one-sided.Second,they recognize the victim fault as a purely objective factor,and ignore that the victims’ fault effection on the compositon of crime is initiative,complicated and full-scale.As a result,these theories have limited explaining and illustrating function.There is no alternative unless following the criminal liability’ s inherent construct and holding the victim fault’ s all-over influence on it,in order to find the legitimate basis of criminal liability affected by victim’ s wrong.