人参多糖提取工艺优化及其组成分析

以超临界脱脂、脱皂苷后的人参渣为原料,采用超临界辅助热水浸提法提取人参多糖,采用正交试验确定提取人参多糖的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:在萃取压力30 MPa、萃取温度80℃、萃取时间1.5 h、物料粒度0.20 mm、原料-夹带剂比例1∶2.5(g/m L)时,人参多糖提取率为(38.03±1.43)%,多糖纯度为(54.71±2.16)%,与热水浸提法相比,提取率和纯度分别提高了16.15%和13.44%。采用高效液相色谱法和高效凝胶渗透色谱法对人参多糖中的单糖组成和多糖平均分子质量进行分析,发现人参多糖含有较多的葡萄糖以及少量的半乳糖、阿拉伯糖,且超临界辅助热水浸提法中这3种单糖的含量均显著高于热水浸提法。超临界辅助热水浸提法与热水浸提法提取的人参多糖重均分子质量分别为123 847 u和127 016 u,但是超临界辅助热水浸提法的人参多糖中多糖种类多于热水浸提法。

Optimization of Extraction Process of Ginseng Polysaccharides and Monosaccharide Composition Analysis

Ginseng roots were defatted by supercritical fluid extraction, treated to remove ginsenosides and extracted by a
supercritical fluid assisted hot water extraction method to obtain ginseng polysaccharides. The optimal conditions for the
extraction of ginseng polysaccharides were determined by orthogonal array experiments. The results showed that when
the extraction process was conducted on samples pulverized to a particle size of 0.20 mm at 80 ℃ and 30 MPa for 1.5 h
with a raw material to entrainer of 1:2.5 (g/mL), the yield and purity of ginseng polysaccharides were (38.03 ± 1.43)% and
(54.71 ± 2.16)%, respectively, increased by 16.15% and 13.44% compared to those obtained with the traditional hot water
extraction method, respectively. Monosaccharide composition and mean molecular mass of ginseng polysaccharides were
analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC).
The results showed that there were a large quantity of glucose and small quantities of galactose and arabinose. The contents of the
three monosaccharides obtained with supercritical fluid assisted hot water extraction were significantly higher than those obtained
with hot water extraction. The average molecular mass of ginseng polysaccharides extracted by supercritical fluid assisted hot
water extraction and hot water extraction were 123 847 and 127 016 u, respectively. More polysaccharide species in ginseng roots
were extracted by supercritical fluid assisted hot water extraction than by hot water extraction.