有机物作用的厌氧氨氧化菌代谢特性研究进展

厌氧氨氧化（Anammox）工艺是近年来废水生物脱氮领域的新技术，非常适合于处理含有机物的废水。本文介绍了厌氧氨氧化工艺的特点，详细介绍了有机物对厌氧氨氧化菌的抑制和促进机制。有机物对厌氧氨氧化菌的抑制主要来自两个方面：一是有机物促进异养菌反硝化菌的大量繁殖形成基质竞争抑制；二是废水中的醇类、抗生素等有毒有害有机物会对厌氧氨氧化菌产生毒性抑制。有机物对厌氧氨氧化菌代谢的促进作用也有两种：一是特定的有机物可作为能源被厌氧氨氧化菌利用，促进厌氧氨氧化菌的代谢；二是通过控制废水处理系统中的碳氮比，使厌氧氨氧化菌和反硝化菌在废水处理系统中协同互生。最后指出开发有毒有机废水预处理、驯化厌氧氨氧化污泥、菌种流加等是解决问题的途径。

Metabolic characteristics of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria with organic matters

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation(Anammox),a new biological nitrogen removal process in wastewater treatment,is very suitable for the treatment of wastewater containing organic matters.This paper introduces the characteristics of anaerobic ammonium oxidation process,especially the inhibitive and stimulative mechanisms of organic matters to the bacteria.Two mechanisms are attributed to organic matters induced inhibition,one is heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria promoted by organic matters can compete with anammox bacteria for substrates;the other one is that alcohols,antibiotics and other toxic organics in wastewater leads to toxic inhibition to anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria.The stimulation of organic matters to anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria also can be explained in two aspects:one is that certain organic matters can be used by anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria as energy source,and thus enhance their metabolism;the other is anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria and denitrifying bacteria can form symbiote with proper C:N ratio.The pretreatment of toxic organic wastewater,acclimation of anaerobic ammonium oxidation sludge,sequential biocatalyst addition are feasible solutions to the problem.