欧洲天然气交易市场的特点与启示

近几年我国十分重视天然气交易市场的建设,提出要"支持天然气贸易机制创新"和"研究建立国家级天然气交易市场"。在建设天然气交易市场的过程中,有必要汲取国外的先进经验。欧洲国家在天然气行业体制方面与我国有相似性,并且其天然气交易市场经过多年的发展已逐渐成熟。为此,重点梳理了欧洲天然气交易市场发展历程和思路,并分析了欧洲天然气交易市场的主要特点:①政府管理机构和民间组织各司其职;②搭建了多个虚拟型欧洲天然气交易中心;③建立了由天然气商品交易和天然气容量交易构成的天然气交易市场体系。最后,从欧洲天然气交易市场的建设经验中总结出了对我国建设天然气交易市场有益的启示:①注意发挥各市场参与和管理主体在建设天然气交易市场中的作用;②统一、透明、公平的市场秩序极为重要;③鼓励参与和提高交易中心的流动性是建设天然气交易市场的关键;④需要重视天然气容量市场的制度建设。

Characteristics of European natural gas trade market and their enlightenment

China has attached great importance to the construction of gas trading markets in recent years and proposes to "support the innovation of gas trading mechanism" and "study how to establish national-level gas trading market". Therefore, it's necessary to learn from other countries in relevant advanced experiences. European countries have the same mechanisms in natural gas industry with China and their gas markets have gradually come to maturity through more than 50 years' development. This paper reviews the development history and idea of European gas trading markets, and presents their main characteristics as follows: ①government administrative agencies and non-governmental organizations perform their own functions; ②the European natural gas trading center was set up; and ③ a natural gas trading market system consisting of natural gas commodity trading market and natural gas capacity market was established. Finally, this paper summarizes the enlightenment on China's natural gas trading market: ①the market and management players should be mobilized in constructing natural gas trading market; ②a unified, transparent and fair market order is extremely important; ③encouraging participation and improving the liquidity of the trading center are for the key to the construction of a natural gas trading market; and ④ the system construction of natural gas capacity market should be established properly.