海面风场与3.2厘米微波散射特性的研究

海面风场遥感的基础工作之一是微波散射特性的研究。美国于一九七八年发射了一颗海洋卫星Seasat-A3],卫星上载有微波散射计,它被用来遥感全球风场,其测量风速范围为3—25m/s,测风速的精度为±2m/s或±10%,海面上分辨率达50公里。在海洋卫星发射以前,他们对海面风速与海面微波散射特性之间的关系已作了充分的研究,这样才能判读星载或机载上所得到的遥感数据。国外在这方面做了大量的工作,积累了大量的数据。例如,美国学者格兰特和易普利将雷达散射计架在桥上俯视河水,找出了3.2厘米、1.25厘米、8.6毫米海面回波与风速的函数关系1]。

THE STUDY OF WIND FIELD ON SEA SURFACE AND 3.2 cm MICROWAVE SCATTERING PROPERTIES

The study of the microwave scattering properties on the surface of the sea is one of the basic research works for remote sensing of the wind field over the sea surface,and is an important basis for interpreting information remotely sensed from aircraft or spacecraft.This paper is a preliminary report about the relation between scattering properties and wind field measurements in situ.This paper points out the significance of studying the scattering properties on the sea surface and describes the test platform used.In the paper,the block diagram and operation process of microwave scatterometer are simply described and basic experimental technique is also presented.