栖息地模拟中指示物种的选取方法研究

指示物种的选取是栖息地模拟中的关键一环,为了选取澜沧江流域的指示物种,以澜沧江中游漫湾大坝为例,通过调查大坝建设前后的水生生态系统和鱼类资源,建立ESHIPPO-PPm模型,评估澜沧江流域四种特有鱼类(中国结鱼Tor sinensis、红鳍方口鲃Cosmochiluscardinalis、宽头华鲮Sinilabeolaticeps、云南裂腹鱼Schizothoraxyunnanensis)的灭绝风险,并根据调查和风险分析结果选取该地区的指示鱼种。结果表明:根据生态适宜(ES)与HIPPO系统因子的得分,中国结鱼和红鳍方口鲃的生态适宜性最好,宽头华鲮和云南裂腹鱼的生态适宜性居中;宽头华鲮和云南裂腹鱼的灭绝风险适中,中国结鱼和红鳍方口鲃处于灭绝风险临界值。按照保护优先级(PP)物种得分高低依次为:红鳍方口鲃(76)中国结鱼(74,风险水平显著)宽头华鲮(62)云南裂腹鱼(60)。中国结鱼是澜沧江流域特有的经济鱼类,种群数量大,易捕获,养殖成本低,对环境的敏感性较高,是该区域生境质量变化较好的鱼类指示物种。

Research on methods of indicator species selection in habitat simulation

The selection of indicator species is a key part in habitat simulation. In order to select indicator species of Lancang River，takes the Manwan dam as an example，which is located at the middle reaches of Langcang River. Through surveying the aquatic ecosystems and fish resources before and after dam construction，establishes an ESHIPPO－PPm model，then evaluating the extinction risk of four endemic characteristic fish species ( Tor sinensis，Cosmochiluscardinalis，Sinilabeolaticeps，Schizothoraxyunnanensisare) in Lancang River basin. The indicator fish species of the study site is selected based on the results of the survey and risk analysis. The result shows that，according to the scores based on ecological suitability ( ES) and HIPPO system factors，the ecological suitability of Tor sinensis and Cosmochiluscardinalis are best，while Sinilabeolaticeps and Schizothoraxyunnanensis are middle; the extinction risk of Sinilabeolaticeps and Schizothoraxyunnanensis are moderate，while Cosmochiluscardinalis and Tor sinensis are close to the critical limit of extinction. According to the protection priority ( PP) ，the order of the species's score from high to low is Cosmochiluscardinalis ( 76) ，Tor sinensis ( 74，belongs to the level of significant risk) ，Sinilabeolaticeps ( 62) and Schizothoraxyunnanensis ( 60) . Tor sinensis has a large population，easily catching，and has a high sensitivity to the environment，which is an important economic fish to the Lancang River basin，is a better fish species to indicate the habitat quality variation of the area.