基于能力期权契约的双源应急物资采购模型

针对应急物资的采购和生产能力储备问题, 本文设计了一个基于能力期权契约的双源应急物资采购模型. 在存在一个能力有限的现货市场的前提下, 政府作为唯一的采购方, 期初向一个合约供应商采购实物储备量, 并向供应商购买一定量的生产能力期权, 一旦在期权执行期内有应急物资需求发生, 可立即将储备的生产能力转化为实物产量. 通过推导和算例模拟证明, 这样的采购机制可以在有效减少政府实物储备量的同时, 大大降低了缺货风险, 同时也合理补偿了灾后供应商因被安排突击生产而增加的成本, 有效实现了应急物资供应链的采购协调, 政府和供应商企业双方达到了双赢的效果.

Emergency supplies purchasing model based on capacity option contract with dual purchasing sources

An emergency supplies purchasing model based on capacity option contract with dual purchasing sources was designed to deal with the problems of emergency supplies purchasing and production capacities preparing. On the premise of a spot market with limited capacity existed, the supply chain is composed of one purchaser (the government) and one supplier (producer). Initially, the government purchases a certain amount of real emergency supplies as real materials reserves and a certain amount of production capacity which could be immediately converted into real products once emergency supplies demand occurs in the term of validity. After derivation and example simulation, it is found that such procurement mechanism could reduce government's real materials reserves a lot, while the shortage risk of emergency supplies could be reduced. And the supplier's cost caused by assault production after disaster occurring could be reasonably compensated. The supply chain reached coordination and both the government and the supplier get a win-win situation.