氢醌急性毒性和蓄积毒性的实验研究

目的：研究氢醌对小鼠和大鼠的急性毒性和蓄积毒性，为建立卫生标准提供资料。方法：选用昆明种小鼠６０只，Ｓ．Ｄ雌性大鼠３０只，以氢醌（ＨＱ）乳化液，分别按０～９００ｍｇ／ｋｇ和０～２１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ各分５个剂量组，一次性灌胃染毒。选用昆明种小鼠５０只，Ｓ．Ｄ雌性大鼠２５只，以ＨＱ乙醇溶液，分别按０～３８４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ各分５个剂量组一次性皮肤涂布染毒；另选昆明种小鼠４０只，以剂量定期递增染毒法灌胃，起始染毒剂量为０．１ＬＤ５０，以后每４天递增剂量１．５倍，共２０天，后观察５天，再给予一个ＬＤ５０的ＨＱ水溶液。结果：ＨＱ的急性毒作用表现为抽搐、震颤、瘫痪、呼吸困难，最后死亡。小鼠经口ＬＤ５０为３９９．８ｍｇ／ｋｇ，大鼠经口ＬＤ５０为５８４ｍｇ／ｋｇ。小鼠经皮染毒最小致死量大于４８００ｍｇ／ｋｇ，大鼠为大于３８４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ。结论：ＨＱ急性毒性属中等毒类，于小鼠体内有轻度蓄积作用。

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY FOR ACUTE AND ACCUMULATIVE TOXICITIES OF HYDROQUINONE

Objective: To investigate the acute and accumlative toxicities of hydroquinone in mice and rats and to provide the information for establishing the threshold limit value of hydroquinone. Methods: Groups of 5 mice of each sex and groups of 5 female S.D rats were administered 0.0, 177.7, 266.6, 400.0, 600.0, 900.0 mg hydroquinone/kg, and 0.0, 100.0, 125.0, 460.0, 1000.0, 2150.0mg hydroquinone/kg respectively by gavage for one dose in 24 hours.Group of 5 mice of each sex and groups of 5 female S.D rats were administered 0.0, 600.0, 1200.0, 2400.0,4800.0, mg hydroquinone/kg, and 0.0, 480.0, 960.0, 1920.0, 3840.0 mg hydroquinone/kg respectively by dermal application to the clipped scapular area for one dose in 24 hours. 10 mice of each sex were administered 0.1 LD 50 hydroquinone by gavage and then doses were increased 1.5 time every 4 days. Up to the 20th day, the animals were not administered the hydroquinone for 5 days and then administered 1 LD 50 hydroquinone. Results: Acute poisoning manifestations were mainly hyperexcitability,tremor, convulsions, salivation, emesis, dyspnea and death. The LD 50 values by gavage administration was 399.8mg/kg in mice and was 584mg/kg in S.D rats.The MLD by skin administration was in excess of 4800.0 mg/kg in mice and 3840 mg/kg in rats. Conclusion: Hydroquinone has a mild grade toxicity to the mice and rats and is slightly accumulated in mouse body.