大规模体积压裂诱发的地质灾变问题研究综述

页岩储层大规模体积压裂对储层实施改造,是实现非常规油气资源工业化开发的核心技术,但目前该技术的机理研究和应用都处于起步发展阶段。大规模体积压裂可能带来潜在的地质灾害风险,主要包括淡水资源的消耗、浅水层的污染、断层活化诱发地质灾害和地表侵蚀、甲烷泄露致空气污染、植被破坏等问题。从体积压裂机理入手,研究了上述存在的地质灾变风险及灾害发生机制,并从勘探调研合理的页岩气开采区块、设计科学的钻井完井方式、压裂液注入速率方案、实时监测断层破裂带应力及滑移状态以及废水废气回收处理等角度提出对应的科学指导和防范措施,对国内页岩气顺利开展工业化开采、避免潜在的地质环境灾变对人类产生危害具有重要的指导意义。

A Review on the Study of Geological Disaster Problems Induced by Massive Volume Fracture

Massive volume fracture of shale reservoir which can improve the reservoir is the core technology to realize industrial development of unconventional hydrocarbon resources.However,the current technology mechanism and application is at a primary development stage.The massive volume fracture may bring potential environmental geological hazards which mainly include freshwater consumption,shallow groundwater pollution,geological disasters and surface erosion induced by fault activation,methane leakage causing air pollution and vegetation destruction and other problems.In this paper,we analyzed the above mentioned potential geological catastrophe risks and its induction pattern from the aspect of volume fracturing mechanism,and proposed corresponding preventive measures and guidance from researching favorable area of shale gas exploitation,designing scientific drilling and completion methods,the schemes of injection rate of fracturing fluid,real-time monitoring the stress and slip state of fault rupture zone and waste water or gas recovery treatment method.All of these understandings will bring important practical significance for successful industrialization mining of domestic shale gas and avoiding potential geological disasters.