孕中期妇女膳食多样化评价及影响因素分析

摘要:目的 评价孕中期妇女膳食多样化水平，了解影响孕妇膳食多样化摄入的因素，为促进孕妇的营养健康和保障胎儿的良好发育提供依据。方法 从6 307名孕妇中选取孕中期孕妇4 901名，依据孕中期妇女平衡膳食宝塔计算膳食多样化评分。将不同DDS组孕妇的营养素摄入量采用非参数的Kruskal-Wallis H检验进行多组间比较，并对膳食多样化的影响因素用累积优势Logistic回归分析。结果 孕中期孕妇的DDS≥6人数占80%，DDS中位数为7；不同DDS组的营养素摄入量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)，由中位数可见DDS越高，能量及营养素摄入量增加；钙摄入量在DDS8-9组仅占RNI值(1 000 mg)的61.3%。孕中期孕妇膳食多样化受到年龄、文化程度、家庭收入、饮食规律、产次、食量和运动习惯的影响(P<0.05)。结论 孕中期孕妇膳食多样化的程度较高，但食物摄入种类方面存在问题，钙的摄入量也明显不足。年龄、文化程度、家庭收入等因素对孕妇膳食多样化产生不同程度的影响。应针对不同孕妇的实际情况加强孕期教育和指导，使孕妇形成正确的营养需求认知和合理的膳食行为。

Evaluation of Dietary Diversity during the Second Trimester of Pregnancy and Its Influencing Factors

Abstract: Objective This work was to evaluate women's dietary diversity in the second trimester of pregnancy and to know the factors that affect the dietary diversity, so as to provide the basis for the promotion of nutritional health of pregnant women and facilitate the healthy fetal development. Methods A total of 4901 mid-term pregnant women were seleted from 6307 pregnant women. The score of their dietary diversity was calculated according to balance diet pagoda. The nutrients intake of different DDS group of pregnant women was compared between groups using nonparametric Kruskal Wallis H - test and the influencing factors of dietary diversity is analyzed by cumulative odds Logistic regression. Results 80.5% of the mid-term pregnant women had DDS≥6, and the median of DDS was 7. Nutrients and energy intake significantly increased with DDS (P<0.05). Calcium intake in DDS 8-9 group accounted for only 61.3% of RNI value (1000mg). The dietary diversity during the second trimester of pregnancy women was affected by age, education, family income, diet habit, times of giving birth, the amount of food intake and exercise habits (P<0.05). Conclusion The degree of dietary diversity was high among pregnant women in the second trimester, but problems still existed in the types of food. Calcium intake was insufficient. Factors such as age, education, family income affected the diet diversity of pregnant women. So education and guidance should be provided to pregnant women by their actual conditions for their healthy pregnancy.