北京市智力残疾青少年体成分特点分析

目的了解智力残疾青少年身体发育特点和规律,为提高智力残疾青少年的生存质量提供依据。方法从北京市3所培智学校抽取轻、中度智障在校生170名为对象,年龄10～21岁,采用生物电阻抗法测试各项身体成分指标,并测量身高、体重等形态指标及肱三头肌、肩胛下角和腹部皮褶厚度。结果智力残疾男生去脂体重、总水分、蛋白质、肌肉量、基础代谢率在14～17岁年龄段达到峰值,18岁后呈减少趋势;女生各项指标则呈现随年龄增长而增加的趋势,在18～21岁达到峰值。同年龄段中,女生体脂百分比显著高于男生,男生去脂体重、总水分、蛋白质、肌肉量、基础代谢率及腰臀比显著高于女生(P值均<0.05)。男生的肥胖检出率显著高于女生,体成分发育存在明显的性别差异。正常、超重、肥胖组智力残疾青少年体成分的组间差异显著,体脂百分比、身体脂肪量、非脂肪性身体成分均呈递增趋势。结论智力残疾青少年肥胖检出率显著高于普通青少年,且主要集中在青春发育前期及青春发育期。

Body composition analysis of children and adolescents with mental disabilities in Beijing

Objective To explore development characters of body composition in various age and gender mental retarded youth and to provide scientific basis on body's growth and development trend of mental disabilities.Methods Use bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA) to test indicators of body composition,including body fat percentage,body fat,lean body mass,total water,muscles,protein,minerals,basic metabolic rate(BMR),waist-to-hip ratio(WHR),BMI,and their height,weight,triceps brachii skin fold,subscapular skin fold ...