不同游客吸引半径景区国内旅游交通碳排放特征比较

旅游交通是旅游业碳排放的最重要环节。选择具有不同游客吸引半径的福州国家森林公园、太姥山山岳景区、武夷山风景名胜区为研究对象,通过对游客交通的问卷调查,探讨不同景区国内旅游交通碳排放的基本规律。研究表明,随着游客吸引半径增加,人均碳排放量显著增加,表现为福州森林公园<太姥山<武夷山。虽然每人每公里碳排放量亦表现为福州森林公园<太姥山<武夷山,但人均旅行距离的增大则是人均碳排放量增加的最主要因素。在350 km以内,每人每公里碳排放量和人均碳排放量随距离增加变化不明显或略微下降;而350 km以上,两者均随距离增加而急剧增长,这与距离对交通方式选择的影响有关。从旅游交通碳排放特征看,350 km大致可作为中途和长途旅行划分的界线。3个景区的年碳排放总量大小顺序为:武夷山>太姥山>福州森林公园,平均碳排放密度则表现为武夷山>福州森林公园>太姥山。各景区长途旅游者和乘坐飞机旅游者均占景区旅游交通碳排放的大部分,且其比例随景区游客吸引半径的增加而增多。因而减少长途旅行和乘坐飞机次数是降低景区旅游交通碳排放量的重要途径。

Carbon Dioxide Emission From Tourist Transport in Three Destinations of Different Travel Distances

Tourism industry plays an unnegligible role in the global anthropogenic carbon dioxide(CO2) emission and climate change,with its contribution continuously increase in the future.Tourist transport is the most important activity resulting in CO2 emission in the tourism sector.To develop a low-carbon tourism industry,it is therefore necessary to assess both the patterns and causes of CO2 emission associated with tourist travel.This study selects three tourist destinations in Fujian with an increasing average tourist travel distance,namely Fuzhou National Forest Park(FZ),Taimushan National Key Scenic Spots(TMS),and Wuyishan Scenic Area(WYS),to determine the total amount,intensity,and spatial patterns of CO2 emission from domestic tourist transport.In each tourist destination,a questionnaire survey on tourist travel mode and travel distance was conducted during August to October 2010.Mean CO 2 emission from individual tourist of these destinations increased with average travel distance,ranked as FZ(15.9 kg CO 2 /person) < TMS(105.3 kg CO 2 /person)TMS(65 651 t)>FZ(31 859 t),and the mean CO 2 emission density decreases in the sequence of WYS(946.3 t/km),FZ(389.0 t/km) and TMS(166.6 t/km).Depended on both the tourist number and CO 2 emission per tourist,CO 2 emission density changes with travel distance and differs among destinations,which peaks at 700 km and 1 750 km in WYS,at 250 km and 2250 km in TMS,and at 75 km,250 km,and 900 km in FZ.The major contribution to total CO 2 emission in tourist transport comes from the long-distance and the aerial tourists,which increases with increasing average travel distance.Though tourists with travel distance longer than 350 km occupy only 5.5%,27.8% and 81.3% of total tourist number respectively in FZ,TMS and WYS,they accounted for 65.1%,90.0% and 98.7% of total CO 2 emission accordingly.The aerial tourists are responsible for 51.3%,75.4% and 87.8% of total CO 2 emission,though they only contribute to 1.5%,6.29% and 31.1% of total tourist number.Thus,to avoid long-distance or aerial trips is the most important way to cut down the CO 2 emission bill associated with travel transport.Efforts that select short-distance trips or trips on more energy-efficient transport should be encouraged.