有色冶炼园区道路扬尘中重金属污染特征及健康风险评价

为研究有色冶炼工业园区周边道路扬尘中重金属污染特征及其健康风险,在云南省蒙自地区采集了城市道路、有色冶炼工业园区道路以及隧道尘样品,通过再悬浮设备将尘样悬浮至Teflon滤膜上获得PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)样品,并利用ICP-MS分析了Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb这8种重金属的含量.结果表明,在PM_(2.5)中重金属的平均含量高于PM_(10).Pb、Cd、As和Zn在3种道路扬尘中平均含量最高,且在不同道路扬尘中平均含量差异表现为:隧道工业园区道路城市道路.隧道扬尘中Pb和As的平均含量高于其它重金属,在PM_(2.5)中达到92 338.3 mg·kg~(-1)和12 457.7 mg·kg~(-1);工业园区道路扬尘中Pb和Zn的平均含量最高,在PM_(2.5)中分别是4 381.7 mg·kg~(-1)和4 685.0 mg·kg~(-1);城市道路平均含量最高的重金属是Zn和Pb,在PM_(2.5)中为1 952.6 mg·kg~(-1)和1 944.8 mg·kg~(-1), 3种道路扬尘中Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb平均含量均高于云南省土壤背景值.富集因子分析和主成分分析结果显示:Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb在3种道路上均有明显富集,受到有色冶炼工业和交通源的显著影响;而Cr、Mn和Ni在3种道路上富集不明显,未受到明显的人为源影响.健康风险评价结果表明,摄食是主要的暴露途径;儿童的非致癌风险高于成人.在PM_(2.5)道路扬尘中所含有的As、Cd和Pb都会对成人和儿童造成非致癌风险,在PM_(10)工业园区道路和隧道扬尘中的As、Cd和Pb对人体有非致癌风险,城市道路中的As仅对儿童有非致癌风险.此外,隧道中的As具有致癌风险.

Pollution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Road Dust from Non-ferrous Smelting Parks

In order to explore the pollution characteristics and health risks of heavy metals in dust from roads around non-ferrous smelting activities in different regions, dust samples from urban roads, non-ferrous smelting industry park roads, and tunnel roads were collected from the Mengzi area of Yunnan Province. The dust samples were suspended on Teflon filters by re-suspension equipment to obtain PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ samples. Eight heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) were analyzed by ICP-MS. The results showed that the average content of the total heavy metals in PM_2.5 was higher than that in PM₁₀. The average contents of Pb, Cd, As, and Zn were highest in all three types of road dust, and the difference in the total average content in different types of road dust was ranked as:tunnel roads > non-ferrous smelting industrial park roads > urban roads. The average contents of Pb and As in PM_2.5 from the tunnel road dust were higher than other heavy metals, and reached up to 92338.3 mg·kg^-1 and 12457.7 mg·kg^-1, respectively. The average contents of Pb and Zn in PM_2.5 from the industrial park road dust were the highest of all heavy metals (4381.7 mg·kg^-1 and 4685.0 mg·kg^-1, respectively). The average content of Zn and Pb in PM_2.5 were the highest of all the heavy metals in the urban road dust (1952.6 mg·kg^-1 and 1944.8 mg·kg^-1, respectively). The average contents of Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb in the different types of road dust were all higher than their background values in Yunnan Province. The results of the enrichment factor analysis and principal component analysis indicated that Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb were obviously enriched in all three types of road dust, which were significantly affected by the non-ferrous smelting industry and traffic sources. In contrast, Cr, Mn, and Ni were not obviously enriched in the three types of road dust and were less affected by anthropogenic sources. The results of the health risk assessment testified that ingestion was the main exposure route, and that the children''s non-carcinogenic risk was higher than that of adults. In PM_2.5, As, Cd, and Pb in all types of road dust were associated with non-carcinogenic risks for adults and children. In PM₁₀, As, Cd, and Pb in dust from the non-ferrous smelting industry park roads and tunnel roads had non-carcinogenic risks for humans. As in PM₁₀ from the urban road dust was associated with a non-carcinogenic risk for children, whereas As in dust from the tunnel roads had carcinogenic risks.