新型植酸基阻燃剂改性Lyocell纤维与织物的制备及其性能

为提高Lyocell纤维与织物的阻燃性能,利用天然富磷化合物植酸与新戊二醇和尿素反应制备了一种膨胀型阻燃剂,应用于Lyocell纤维与织物的后整理。借助傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、热重分析仪、扫描电子显微镜,分析了阻燃Lyocell纤维的结构、热稳定性及表面形貌。采用垂直燃烧、锥形量热及极限氧指数实验,研究了处理后Lyocell织物的阻燃性能。结果表明:经阻燃处理后的Lyocell纤维,其初始分解温度降低了177.1 ℃,800 ℃时的残炭量提高了21%;总热释放量、热释放速率峰值及平均热释放速率分别降低了76.9%、84.0%、70.6%;极限氧指数从17.0% 提高到47.6%,经25次洗涤后极限氧指数下降到28.8%,但仍具有良好的阻燃性能。

Preparation and properties of Lyocell fibers and fabrics modified with new phytic acid based flame retardant

In order to improve the flame retardancy of Lyocell fibers and fabrics, an intumescent flame retardant was prepared by reaction of phytic acid, a natural phosphorus-rich compound, with neopentyl glycol and urea, which was applied to the finishing of Lyocell fibers and fabrics. Using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, thermogravimetric analyzer and scanning electron microscopy, the structure, thermal stability and surface morphology of the flame retardant Lyocell fibers were studied. The flame retardant properties of the treated Lyocell fabrics were studied through vertical combustion, cone calorimetric and limiting oxygen index tests. The results show that the initial decomposition temperature of Lyocell fibers after flame retardant treatment is decreased by 177.1 ℃, and the carbon residue increases by 21% at 800 ℃. The total heat release, peak heat release rate and average heat release rate are decreased by 76.9%, 84.0%, and 70.6%, respectively. The limit oxygen index (LOI) was increased from 17.0% to 47.6%. After 25 times of washing, the LOI dropped to 28.8%, but still has decent flame retardant performance.