Rotation, scaling and translation invariant image watermarking using feature points |
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Authors: | LI Lei-da GUO Bao-long GUO Lei |
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Affiliation: | [1]Institute of Intelligent Control and Image Engineering, Xidian University,Xi'an 710071, China; [2]National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100080, China |
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Abstract: | In this article, a novel robust image watermarking scheme is presented to resist rotation, scaling, and translation (RST). Initially, the original image is scale normalized, and the feature points are then extracted. Furthermore, the locally most stable feature points are used to generate several nonoverlapped circular regions. These regions are then rotation normalized to generate the invariant regions. Watermark embedding and extraction are implemented in the invariant regions in discrete cosine transform domain. In the decoder, the watermark can be extracted without the original image. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is robust to traditional signal processing attacks, RST attacks, as well as some combined attacks. |
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Keywords: | image watermarking geometric attack feature point image normalization |
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