Improving the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells with TiO2/graphene/TiO2 sandwich structure

This study investigates the extent to which the TiO₂/graphene/TiO₂ sandwich structure improves the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) over that of DSSCs with the traditional structure. Studies have demonstrated that the TiO₂/graphene/TiO₂ sandwich structure effectively enhances the open circuit voltage (V_oc), short-circuit current density (J_sc), and photoelectrical conversion efficiency (η) of DSSCs. The enhanced performance of DSSCs with the sandwich structure can be attributed to an increase in electron transport efficiency and in the absorption of light in the visible range. The DSSC with the sandwich structure in this study exhibited a V_oc of 0.6 V, a high J_sc of 11.22 mA cm^-2, a fill factor (FF) of 0.58, and a calculated η of 3.93%, which is 60% higher than that of a DSSC with the traditional structure.