气凝胶在防护服中的应用进展

为提高防护服的综合性能,平衡功能性需求和舒适性要求之间的关系,将密度小、导热率低的气凝胶材料合理有效地应用于防护服装领域,在爆炸和火灾等高温环境中减少物理、化学等外界因素对人体造成的热损伤,降低储存热,缓解热应激。文章回顾了国内外关于气凝胶材料的相关研究文献,总结了气凝胶材料在隔热保温、防寒隔热产品和热防护服中的应用进展,重点从力学、舒适性和高温下结构稳定性等方面分析其在使用过程中存在的瓶颈和缺陷,并从气凝胶种类、材料配伍、热源、服用性能、生理舒适性、低成本等角度凝练了气凝胶在防护服中的研究方向,展望了气凝胶在防护服装应用领域中的创新发展。

Application progress of aerogel in protective clothing

To improve comprehensive performance of protective clothing and balance the relationship between function requirements and comfort needs, the aerogel material with low density and thermal conductivity was effectively applied in protective clothing field. It can reduce skin burn injury caused by external physical and chemical factors in high temperature environment such as explosion and flash fire, lower heat storage and relieve heat stress. This paper reviewed current domestic and foreign research literatures on the application of aerogel materials in protective clothing, and summarized the application progress of aerogel materials in thermal insulating and cold protection products as well as thermal protective clothing. It also analyzed the application bottleneck and drawbacks of aerogel materials in terms of mechanical, comfort and structure stability under high temperature. The specific directions for the application of aerogel materials in protective clothing were highlighted from the perspectives of aerogel type, material combination, heat source, wear property, waring property, physiological comfort and low cost. Finally, the innovative development trends of aerogel materials in protective clothing field were proposed.