基于循环特性的镍氢和锂离子电池环境影响机制分析

为了了解镍氢电池和锂离子电池在生产、使用、废弃或回收过程中的环境影响,建立了一种简单快速的二次电池环境影响机制分析方法。通过生命周期评价(LCA)方法,采用Eco-indicator99体系,综合考虑电池循环容量衰减和循环次数的影响,建立了二次电池环境影响机制分析模型,并运用此模型对两种实验用二次电池(镍氢电池和锂离子电池)的环境影响机制进行了研究。结果表明:1)在所选取的两种二次电池当中,锂离子(Li-ion)电池的环境影响明显比镍氢(Ni-MH)电池的低;2)随着循环次数的增加Li-ion电池环境影响衰减比Ni-MH电池的明显,即随着使用循环次数的增加,Li-ion电池对环境的影响会降低到更多。综合来说,所选取的Li-ion电池比Ni-MH电池更具环境可持续性。文中所提出的环境影响机制分析模型同样可以应用于其他二次电池,以期为环境友好型二次电池的开发提供帮助。

THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MECHANISM ANALYSIS FOR NI-MH AND LI-ION BATTERIES BASED ON CYCLE PERFORMANCE

In order to understand the environmental impact of nickel-metal hydride(Ni-MH) batteries and Li-ion batteries,a simplified method was built to analyze the environmental impact mechanism of secondary batteries.It comprises the rechargeable batteries’ production,usage,discarded and recycled process.This method was combined with the life cycle assessment(LCA),Eco-indicator 99 system and cycle life & performance of secondary batteries.Under this kind of standard assessment system,a comparison between different batteries could be brought forward.The result is:(1) Between the two selected batteries,the environmental impact of Li-ion battery is obviously lower than nickel-metal hydride(Ni-MH) battery;(2) With the increase of cycle numbers,the attenuation of the environmental impact on selected Li-ion battery was significant.In summary,selected Li-ion battery was more environmental sustainability.The assessing methodology and model proposed in this paper can also be used to any other secondary batteries,which can be helpful to the development of environment-friendly secondary batteries.