基于FEM的单臂塔式起重机模态及谐响应分析

塔式起重机是建筑施工领域中的重要起重设备,其工作稳定性与施工安全密切相连。为了验证塔式起重机结构的稳定性,通过FEM(有限元法)对某型塔式起重机模型的3种典型工况进行静动态特性分析,主要分析其静强度、模态、谐响应等方面。经过分析,该机静强度满足设计要求,振幅位移最大处主要位于起重臂和平衡臂的端部。通过模态分析可知该机固有频率较低,各阶频率相差不大,且在某些频率下与塔机易发生共振。因此,应加强起重臂和平衡臂端部的强度和刚度,并在塔式起重机工作过程中应避免共振频率,以免发生共振导致安全事故。

Modal and harmonic response analysis of single-boom tower crane based on FEM

In the field of construction, tower crane is an important lifting equipment, and its working stability is closely related to construction safety. To verify the structural stability of tower crane, static and dynamic characteristics of three typical working conditions of a tower crane model are analyzed by FEM(finite element method), mainly including its static strength, mode and harmonic response. According to analysis, the static strength of the machine meets the design requirements, and the maximum amplitude displacement mainly occurs at the ends of the lifting boom and the balance boom. Through modal analysis, it can be seen that the natural frequency of the machine is relatively low, the frequencies of different orders are not different, and under certain frequencies, it is easy to resonate with tower crane. Therefore, the strength and rigidity of the lifting boom and the end of the balancing boom should be strengthened, and the resonance frequency should be avoided in the working process of the tower crane, so as not to cause safety accidents.