不同晶体取向中间相沥青基带状炭纤维的制备与表征

以中间相沥青为原料, 采用不同长宽比的矩形截面喷丝板, 通过控制熔融纺丝时的收丝速率, 制得了具有不同截面尺寸和晶体取向的高定向中间相沥青基带状炭纤维, 并研究了热处理温度和喷丝孔截面尺寸对所得炭纤维结构和性能的影响。结果表明, 喷丝孔的形状和收丝速度对炭纤维的晶体取向有显著影响。当收丝速度一定时, 随着喷丝孔截面长宽比的减小, 带状炭纤维截面碳晶体层片由褶皱平行取向结构向辐射状垂直取向结构转变。随着热处理温度的升高, 所制得炭纤维的室温轴向电阻率显著减小, 热导率相应增大, 力学性能明显提高; 随着收丝速率的增大, 带状炭纤维室温轴向电阻率变化不大, 但对其力学性能有显著影响。当喷丝孔截面长宽比和纺丝速度分别为30:1和75 m/min 时, 2500℃石墨化纤维的拉伸强度和杨氏模量分别为2.53 GPa和234.77 GPa。

Preparation and Characterization of Ribbon-shaped Mesophase Pitch-based Carbon Fibers with Different Crystal Orientations

Using mesophase pitch as the raw material, with the rectangular-section spinnerets at different aspect ratios (length divided by width), ribbon-shaped mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers with various cross-section sizes and crystal orientations were prepared by adjusting the spinning rate. Effects of the heat-treatment temperature and aspect ratio of spinnerets on structure and properties of the ribbon-shaped carbon fibers were investigated. The results show that the aspect ratio of spinneret and the spinning rate of pitch fibers have a significant influence on the crystal orientation of carbon fibers. Within the specified spinning rate of pitch fibers, the crystal orientation of carbon fibers varies from a parallel-fold structure to a vertical-radial structure with the decrease of the aspect ratio of the spinnerets. The electrical conductivity and the mechanical property of ribbon-shaped carbon fibers significantly increase with the increase of heat-treatment temperature. With increase in spinning rate, there is no obvious change in the room-temperature axial electrical resistivity along the longitudinal direction of fiber, whereas obvious changes in the mechanical property are observed. At 30:1 of the aspect ratio of the spinneret and 75 m/min of spinning rate, the tensile strength and young’s modulus of the graphite fibers heat-treated at 2500℃ are up to 2.53 GPa and 234.77 GPa, respectively.