明渠紊流与床面形态相互作用研究进展

结合国内外最新研究动态,从明渠紊流与床面形态相互作用的研究方法、明渠紊流特点、紊流对沙波形态的影响、床面形态对紊流的反作用等方面对明渠紊流与床面形态相互作用进行了综述。当前明渠紊流特性、二维沙波床面水沙运动特性等方面的研究已经取得丰富成果,但尚不能很好地解释天然河流中的水沙输移机理;由于试验测量方法的限制,复杂床面条件下的水沙相互作用研究在相当长时间内没有取得突破性的成果,亟需探索和引入无干扰、高精度的三维瞬态全场测量技术;床面几何形态、沙波发展演变方面的研究相对成熟,但床面的稳定机理尚存在分歧,理论模型和数学模型均不够完善,尤其沙波内部渗流与明渠紊流综合作用下的床面稳定性和泥沙运动特性研究还比较少,是今后进一步探索的方向,其成果可为揭示三维沙波床面紊流与泥沙相互作用机理提供必要的前提。

Research development of the interaction between turbulence structure and bedforms in open channel

According to the latest researches at home and abroad, this paper summarized the research developments of the interaction between turbulent structure and bedforms, including research methods, turbulence characteristics in open channel flow, bedforms morphology influenced by turbulence, and turbulence characteristics influenced by bedforms. A great many achievements on the research of turbulence characteristics in open channel flow and characteristics of water flow and sediment motion over 2D bedforms have been obtained, yet the results cannot perfectly explain the sediment transport mechanism in natural rivers. Due to the limitation of measurement technology, the research on interaction of turbulence and sediment movement under complex bedforms condition has not got obvious achievement for a long time. It is urgent to explore and introduce undisturbed and precise 3D flow measurement technologies. The geometrical morphology and evolution process of bedforms have been well known, while the mechanism of bedforms stability is controversial, neither theory models nor numerical models are mature enough, especially bedforms stability and sand movement characters under the combined action of interstitial flow and open channel flow are not widely studied, which will be a research hot point in the future and become the basic of interaction mechanism between turbulence and sediment movement.