一种以畜禽粪便为基质的生物有机肥发酵工艺研究

近年来，随着养殖业的迅速发展，畜禽粪便污染加剧，造成了严重的环境污染。通过生物法将畜禽粪便中含有的有机物质制成优质的有机肥料，可实现农畜废弃物的无害化、资源化和产业化治理的既定目标。该研究以畜禽粪便为原料制备生物有机肥，以生物有机肥发酵过程中的有效活菌数为评价指标，采用单因素试验和正交试验法，优化其发酵条件。结果表明，生物有机肥最优发酵条件为新鲜羊粪∶玉米秸秆=1.0∶1.5（g∶g），初始含水率55%，复合菌液接种量20%、翻堆频率为每天一次。在最佳发酵工艺条件下进行堆肥发酵试验，其有效活菌数达到1.76×108 CFU/g，有机质含量达到47.4%，水分含量为25%，pH值为7.39，粪大肠菌群数86个/g，蛔虫卵死亡率100%，符合我国生物有机肥的技术标准。

Fermentation technology of bio-organic fertilizer based on livestock manure

In recent years, with the rapid development of breeding industry, the pollution of livestock manure is aggravated, causing serious environmental pollution. Organic matter contained in livestock manure can be processed into high quality organic fertilizer by biological method, realizing the established goal of harmless, resource recovery and industrial management of agricultural and animal husbandry waste. Taking livestock manure as raw material in this study to prepare bioorganic fertilizer, effective viable bacteria count of bioorganic fertilizer during the fermentation process as evaluation index, the fermentation conditions were optimized by single factor test and orthogonal tests. The results showed that the optimal fermentation conditions of bio-organic fertilizer were obtained as follows: fresh sheep manure∶corn stalk=1.0∶1.5 (g∶g), initial water content 55%, compound bacteria liquid inoculum 20%, and turning frequency once every day. Under the optimum fermentation conditions, the effective viable bacteria count, organic matter content, moisture, pH, fecal coliform number and larvae mortality rate reached 1.76×108 CFU/g, 47.4%, 25%, 7.39, 86/g and 100%, respectively, which met the technical standards of bio-organic fertilizer in China.