基于斑马鱼和发光细菌评估制革废水毒性及其削减效率

随着制革工业在我国的迅速发展,其导致的环境污染问题也逐渐受到人们的广泛关注。为评价制革废水的生物毒性以及处理工艺对毒性的削减效率,选择费氏弧菌、明亮发光杆菌、斑马鱼幼鱼及其胚胎作为受试生物,分析了制革废水的急性毒性和发育毒性,比较了不同受试生物对制革废水毒性的敏感性,并结合理化指标对废水的毒性削减进行了评估。结果表明:不同受试生物的敏感性大小为斑马鱼胚胎明亮发光杆菌斑马鱼幼鱼费氏弧菌明亮发光杆菌斑马鱼胚胎斑马鱼幼鱼费氏弧菌;发光菌及斑马鱼幼鱼急性毒性实验结果表明,制革废水经过整个工艺处理后,废水的急性毒性已降至检测线以下,即0TUa;斑马鱼胚胎毒性实验结果表明,经过处理的制革废水仍存在急性毒性,基础毒性当量为0.5 TUa,同时还对胚胎的发育存在一定影响,对胚胎孵化及畸形的毒性当量分别为0.7 TUa和0.13 TUa。综上可知,处理后的制革废水对环境的影响已得到初步的有效控制,但仍需进一步处理以达到更大程度削减毒性的目的。

Evaluation of Tannery Wastewater Toxicity and Its Reduction Based on Zebrafish and Luminescent Bacteria

The environmental problems caused by the rapid development of leather industry in China, are receiving more and more attention. In the present study, several organisms of Vibrio fischeri, Vibrio phosphoreum, zebrafish larvae and embryo were applied to evaluate the acute and developmental toxicity of tannery wastewater, the removal rate of toxicity by treatment process and the sensitivity of different organisms to the toxicity of tannery wastewater. The results showed that the sensitivities followed the sequence of zebrafish embryo> Vibrio phosphoreum >zebrafish larvae > Vibrio fischeri. The acute toxicity of tannery wastewater was completely removed after the treatment of whole process according to the acute toxicity test of luminescent bacteria and zebrafish larvae (0 TUa). However, the results from the toxicity study with zebrafish embryos showed that the final effluent of tannery wastewater after treatment still had acute toxicity (0.5 TUa) and developmental toxicity (0.7 TUa to hatching rate, 0.13 TUa to malformation rate). It is indicated that the toxicity of tannery wastewater was roughly removed by the present treatment process, but further treatment was still needed for complete toxicity reduction.