膝关节置换术中胫骨截骨厚度对胫骨截面的生物力学影响

目的获得不同截骨厚度及不同活动状态下胫骨截面的生物力学情况,为临床膝关节置换术截骨厚度及指导患者术后活动提供理论基础。方法重建下肢骨性三维立体模型,依据全膝关节置换术截骨原则将胫骨近端分别截骨0、5、7、9 mm,对截骨后胫骨模型进行材料属性赋值,并分析站立、慢步、快跑、上楼4种活动状态下胫骨截面的应力、应变情况。结果在相同活动状态下,随着截骨厚度的增加,胫骨截骨面的最大应力和位移呈增长趋势。在同一截骨厚度下,随着活动强度的增强,胫骨截面的最大应力和位移总体上呈增长趋势。结论临床全膝关节置换术时胫骨截骨厚度越大、术后活动强度越强,胫骨截面的应力及应变越大。术中应避免过多截骨、术后应避免高强度活动,可减少胫骨平台的应力及应变,有利于假体的长期寿命。

Effects of thickness of osteotomy on biomechanics of tibia cross-section in total knee arthroplasty

Objective To obtain biomechanical conditions of the tibia section with different osteotomy thickness under different activity states, so as to provide theoretical basis for osteotomy thickness in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and activities of patients after operation. Methods The three-dimensional models of the lower limb were reconstructed and the proximal tibia was resected by 0 mm,5 mm,7 mm,9 mm respectively based on the principle of bone resection in TKA. The tibia model after osteotomy were assigned the material properties and the stress and strain of the tibia cross-section were analyzed under the following activity states: standing, walking, running and going upstairs. Results The stress and displacement of the tibia cross-section increased with the increase in osteotomy thickness under the same activity state. The maximum stress and displacement of tibia cross-section increased in general with the same osteotomy thickness, when the strength of activity increased. Conclusions During TKA in clinic, the stress and strain on tibia cross-section became larger as the tibia osteotomy became thicker and the postoperative activity became stronger. Excessive osteotomy in TKA and high intensive activity after TKA should be avoided, so as to reduce stress and strain of the tibia plateau and promote long-term life of the prosthesis.