不同表面活性剂处理的Sb_2O_3对PVC复合材料阻燃性能的影响

利用高能球磨法制备Sb_2O_3粉末,采用聚乙二醇-6000、十二烷基硫酸钠和OP-10对Sb_2O_3粉末进行表面改性,研究不同表面活性剂改性的Sb_2O_3颗粒对PVC复合材料体系阻燃性能的影响。运用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对Sb_2O_3的物相组成、颗粒形貌、平均粒径进行表征,利用X射线能量色散谱仪(EDS)、极限氧指数仪以及垂直燃烧实验分别对Sb_2O_3/PVC复合材料的粒子分布、阻燃性能进行研究。结果表明:当聚乙二醇-6000作为表面活性剂时,由于纳米Sb_2O_3粒子表面有机膜空间位阻效应较大,使得纳米Sb_2O_3在PVC基体中表现出良好的分散性。当纳米Sb_2O_3添加量为1.26%(质量分数,下同)时,PVC复合材料的氧指数为27.1%,材料处于难燃级别;当采用十二烷基硫酸钠和OP-10作为表面活性剂时,Sb_2O_3颗粒表面包覆效果差,Sb_2O_3颗粒粒径分别为100nm和150nm,Sb_2O_3在PVC基体中分散性变差,并出现团聚现象。当Sb_2O_3添加量为1.26%时,PVC复合材料的氧指数分别为24.7%和25.3%,材料未达到难燃级别。

Effect of Sb2 O3 M odified by Various Surface Active Agents on Flame Retardant Properties of PVC Composite

Sb2 O3 pow ders w ere prepared by high energy ball milling using polyethyleneglycol‐6000 ,so‐dium dodecyl sulfate and OP‐10 to modify the surface properties of the powder . The influence of Sb2 O3 pow ders modified by various surface active agents on flame retardant properties of PVC com‐posite materials was studied .The phase composition ,morphology and the average particle size of the powders were characterized by XRD and TEM .The particle distribution and flame retardant proper‐ties of Sb2 O3/PVC composite materials w ere studied by EDS ,limiting oxygen index instrument and vertical burning test .T he results show that nanometer Sb2 O3 has good dispersion in the PVC matrix because of the higher space steric effect of organic film on the surface of nanometer Sb2 O3 w hen poly‐ethyleneglycol‐6000 was used as the surface active agent .While the content of nanometer Sb2 O3 is 1.26% in the PVC composite material ,the oxygen index of the composite material is 27 .1% and the composite material reaches fire retardant grade .Using sodium dodecyl sulfate and OP‐10 as surface dispersants ,the surface of Sb2 O3 powders can not be coated completely .The particle size of Sb2 O3 powders are 100nm and 150nm ,respectively ,The Sb2 O3 powders have poor dispersion in the PVC matrix ,and even some agglomerating phenomena took place .T he oxygen index of Sb2 O3/PVC com‐posite materials are 24 .7% and 25 .3% ,respectively ,containing 1 .26% Sb2 O3 powders in Sb2 O3/PVC composite material .T he materials don’t achieve flame retardant level .