绿色火炸药及相关技术的发展与应用

综述了绿色火炸药及其生产工艺、销毁以及回收利用方面具有“绿色”特征的改进和应用研究成果。绿色火炸药包括洁净固体推进剂、无铅双基推进剂、TPE发射药、无毒发射药、无铅点火药和起爆药。绿色制造技术包括N2O5作硝化剂的含能硝基化合物化学合成，过硝酸盐作硝化剂、微生物作催化剂的生物合成技术，连续化柔性制造技术，基于双螺杆混合成型火炸药生产技术，火炸药生产中挥发性污染物的安全消除技术和纳米复合含能材料的Sol-Gel制备技术。绿色销毁和回收利用技术包括销毁产品的熔盐氧化技术、摧毁含含能化合物废水的光催化技术以及火炸药的回收再利用（R^3）技术。评述了上述火炸药及相关技术的最新状况和发展方向，附参考文献25篇。

Development and Application of Green Propellants and Explosives and Related Technologies

The improved and applied research achievements with green characteristics about green propellants and explosives,related processing technologies,demilitarization recycle recover and reuse are summarized.Green propellants and explosives include clean rocket propellants,lead-free double base propellants,TPE based gun propellants,nontoxic gun propellants and heavy metal-free ignition agents and primary explosives.The green processing technologies include chemical syntheses of nitro-energetic compounds using dinitrogen pentodide as nitration agent,biosynthesis of nitramines using peroxynitrate as a nitration agent and microorganisms as catalyzer,continuous and flexible manufacturing technologies,the processing of propellants and explosives formulations based on twin screw extrusion,closed loop and safely processing technique to eliminate energetic emissions produced in manufacture of energetic formulation and Sol-Gel process to prepare nanoenergetics.Green technologies to demilitarize propellants and explosives include molten salt oxidation technology for demilitarization products,photocatalyzing process to destruct waste water containing energetic compounds,treatment technologies for recycle,recover and reuse(R~3) of propellants and explosives.The current situation and trend of above mentioned propellants and explosives and related technologies are reviewed with 25 references.