鄱阳湖区景观格局季相变化及其优化调控研究

论文以自然属性确定的鄱阳湖区为例,基于景观生态学理论和GIS空间分析技术,定量描述和分析了鄱阳湖区景观格局的季相变化特征。研究结果表明：鄱阳湖区整体景观格局季节变化明显,枯水期较丰水期景观更加破碎,形状更加复杂,聚集程度更低,异质性水平更高;类别水平上,以滩地景观变化最为显著。枯水期和丰水期生态连通性也有较明显差异,枯水期景观生态连通性更差,景观单元间的生态阻力更大,生态流运行更加困难。在此基础上,借助最小累积耗费阻力模型和GIS空间分析模块,识别和构建了不同季相鄱阳湖区的源地、廊道（三类）、节点等生态组分,形成了“斑块-廊道-基质”模式的生态功能网络;并通过对不同季相景观格局优化组分的对比分析,辨识了年内能够持续发挥重大生态效益的景观组分,构建了更为合理的景观格局优化调控方案,以期增强鄱阳湖区景观网络的连通性,保障生态流的畅通运行,加强湖区生态系统的稳定性和可持续性,为鄱阳湖区生态规划和管理提供借鉴和参考。

Research on the Seasonal Variations and Optimization of Landscape Pattern in Poyang Lake Region,China

Due to the seasonal changes of temperature, precipitation and other environmental factors, the landscape pattern in a region will show seasonal variations during a year, which will impact the ecological process in the region. Landscape pattern optimization should base on a comprehensive understanding of the landscape pattern and ecological process and adjust the quantity of various landscapes and their distribution and configurations in space to produce the greatest landscape function and ecological benefits. Therefore, a reasonable optimization program of landscape pattern cannot ignore the seasonal changes of landscape pattern and ecological process. In this paper, the Poyang Lake region, demarcated by natural attributes, was chosen as an example for landscape pattern optimization. Based on the theory of landscape ecology, the seasonal variation characteristics of landscape pattern in Poyang Lake region were quantitatively analyzed with GIS spatial analysis technology. The results show that the seasonal variations of the overall landscape pattern in Poyang Lake region were obvious. Compared with those in high water period, the patches in low water period were more fragmented and the shapes of the patches were more complex. The landscapes were less aggregated and the landscape heterogeneity was higher in high water period than in low water period. As for types, the change of bottomland was the most obvious in the landscapes. Based on the seasonal variation of landscape pattern, the ecological components, including source, corridor (three types) and nodes, in high and low water periods of Poyang Lake region were identified and constructed with the Minimum Accumulative Resistance model and GIS spatial analysis module, and an ecological function network of “Patch-Corridor-Matrix” was formed. Through the comparison and analysis of ecological components in different hydrographic periods, the major ecological components which play important roles in maintenance of landscape pattern and function were chosen to build a reasonable landscape pattern optimization program. This program aimed to enhance the connectivity of landscape network and operation of ecological flows, strengthen the stability and sustainability of ecological system. This research provides the reference for the ecological planning and management in Poyang Lake region.