濒危中药材祖师麻资源现状调查与分析

为了摸清我国中药材祖师麻野生分布区和人工栽培的资源现状,分析野生祖师麻适生生境和致危因素,为其资源的合理利用、保护以及人工种植提供依据,课题组采取走访与现地样方相结合的调查方法以及线路样方法和植被+土壤类型图面积结合的估算法对陕西、甘肃、四川和青海4个省区23个县的祖师麻野生资源进行了调查。结果发现我国野生祖师麻分布范围与历史记载没有发生明显变化,然而种群密集程度却发生了较大改变;很多地区野生资源蕴藏量严重下降,部分地区濒临枯竭。根据调查结果估算,4个省区23个县当前野生祖师麻资源蕴藏量不足600 t;同时,只在甘肃陇南康县杨河坝村海拔2 800 m左右的山地发现了人工栽培的33 000 m22年龄的祖师麻,没有形成药材商品。毁灭性的采挖以及生长周期过长是导致祖师麻野生资源蕴藏量急剧下降,濒临枯竭的重要原因。栽培品日后必将成为其药材资源的主要来源。因此,保护祖师麻适生生境,制定合理采收政策,加强政府部门监管力度,收集并建立种质资源圃和种子库,在此基础上开展祖师麻良种选育、快速繁殖技术以及快速生长技术的研究已迫在眉睫。

Resource situation investigation and analysis about endangered Chinese herbal medicine Daphnes Cortex

In order to figure out the status and distribution of the wild and cultivated resources of traditional Chinese medicine Daphnes Cortex, its suitable habitat and endangering factors were analyzed to provide the basis for its rational use, protection and cultivation.Our research group tooka resources survey in Shanxi, Gansu, Sichuan and Qinghai provinces, which include 23 counties. Investigation and sampling investigation combined with interview were carried out. The total reserve of resources was estimated through route-quadrat method in combination with the vegetation and soil-type map area method. The results indicated that there was no obvious change between the present distribution ranges of the wild Daphnes Cortex and its historical records, but the density of the population has undergone major changes. The wild reserves resources has declined seriously, even on the verge of exhaustion in some regions. According to the survey results, the current total reserve of the wild Daphnes Cortex in the four provinces was no more than 600 tons. Simultaneously, we only found the cultivated resource in a mountain at an altitude of about 2 800 m in Kang county of Gansu province, which cropping scope was about 33 000 m². The cultivated resource can''t provide medicinal products at present, because their growing period is too short to have curative effect. Destructive excavation and the longer growth cycle result in a sharp decline of the wild resources reserves, even to the point of extinction. Artificial cultivation of product will become the main source of medicinal resources in the future. Therefore, we must protect its suitable habitat, formulate rational harvesting policy, strengthen the supervision of government departments, collect and establish the germplasm nursery and seed bank.On the basis, we must carry out studies into seed-selecting and breeding as well as rapid propagation and growth technology at once.