脂肪干细胞的研究及应用进展

干细胞在治疗各种疾病方面拥有巨大的潜能。在细胞治疗方面，脂肪干细胞是最有前景的种子细胞之一，其他的还包括胚胎干细胞和诱导的多能干细胞。胚胎干细胞和诱导的多能干细胞都具有多向分化潜能，因而起着举足轻重的作用。但是，胚胎干细胞和诱导的多能干细胞分别受限于伦理学问题及细胞表型的鉴定。脂肪干细胞则不受这些限制，不仅易于获取，而且方便扩增。在不同的诱导条件下，脂肪干细胞能分化为脂肪细胞、成骨细胞、软骨细胞、肌肉细胞、内皮细胞和神经细胞，这些分化潜能可应用于再生医学领域，如：皮肤重建，骨和软骨修复等。本篇综述着重讨论目前脂肪干细胞的分离、分化和治疗应用。

Research and application progress of adipose-derived stem cells

Stem cells have a great potential to treat various kinds of diseases. For these cell-based therapies, adi-pose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are one of the most promising seed cells, with others including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). ESCs and iPSCs play important roles due to their pluripotency. How-ever, ESCs and iPSCs have limitations in ethical issues and in identification of cell phenotypes, respectively. Unlike ESCs and iPSCs, ADSCs do not have such limitations, which are not only easily obtained but also uniquely expandable. ADSCs can differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, endotheliocytes and neurons under differ-ent differentiation conditions, and these kinds of differentiation potential of ADSCs could be applied in regenerative med-icine e.g., skin reconstruction, bone and cartilage repair. In this review, the current status of ADSC isolation, differentia-tion and their therapeutic applications are discussed.