长江中游四大家鱼产卵场河段形态与水流特性研究

为了研究长江中游四大家鱼产卵所需的水流环境,采用数值模拟的方法对产卵河段的形态特征和水流特性进行了量化分析.通过统计和对比研究了4类产卵河段的能量坡降、水流流态、动能梯度、能量损失和弗劳德数等水力特性,分析了水力要素在典型断面上的分布特点.研究结果表明:四大家鱼产卵的河床形态比较特殊,能量坡降具有明显的2维特性;水流流态复杂多样;水流流经产卵河段后能量损失较大;河段横断面上的动能梯度和弗劳德数数值较小.以期为四大家鱼产卵场水流环境的保护提供理论基础和技术参考.

Study on River Morphology and Flow Characteristics of Four Major Chinese Carps Spawning Grounds in the Middle Reach of the Yangtze River

In order to study hydraulic environment required by the spawning grounds of four major Chinese carps in the middle reach of the Yangtze River, numerical simulation method was used to quantitatively analyze the morphological feature and flow characteristics of the spawning reaches. Hydraulic characteristics such as energy slope, flow regime, kenitic energy gradient, energy losses and Froude number were studied, and distributions of hydraulic elements in typical sections were analyzed using statistical method. The results showed that the four major Chinese carps spawning grounds have special characteristics, with special river morphology, obvious two-dimensional energy slope, complicated water flow regime, much energy loss, and small kinetic energy gradient and Froude number values in cross-section. This study could provide references for protecting the hydraulic environment required by the spawning ground of four major Chinese carps.