国产人参中农药残留风险评估

对人参中农药残留开展风险评估研究,并对存在的高风险农药进行识别,为现有标准最大残留限量值的制修订提供科学依据。采用建立GC-MS/MS和LC-MS/MS方法对80批次人参中246种农药进行检测;采用点评估模式,计算急性和慢性摄入风险;同时借鉴英国兽药残留委员会兽药残留风险排序矩阵计算各检出农药的风险得分。80批人参中共有25种农药检出,其中五氯硝基苯检出率最高,达到78%。通过急性和慢性摄入风险评估,得出25种农药的慢性膳食摄入风险(用%ADI表示)在0.00%～2.6%,急性膳食摄入风险(用%ARfD表示)在0.00%～104.2%,其中五氯硝基苯的急性风险商达到104%。根据风险得分将检出的25种农药划分为3类,即高风险农药(4种)、中风险农药(6种)、低风险农药(15种),其中六氯苯、甲拌磷、五氯硝基苯和六六六为高风险农药。《中国药典》2015年版一部"人参"项下设定有机氯残留限量检查是必要、有效的,建议五氯硝基苯和六氯苯限量值可依据风险评估结果进行修订。

Risk assessment of pesticide residues in domestic ginsengs

The study aims at taking risk assessment of pesticide residues in ginseng and high risk pesticides were picked up in order to provide a scientific basis for the establishment of maximum residue limits(MRLs) for pesticides in ginseng. Residues of 246 pesticides in 80 ginseng samples collected from different place were detected by GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS method. Acute and chronic intake risks were evaluated by using deterministic approach, and the matrix ranking developed by the Veterinary Residues Committee of the United Kingdom was referred to assess risk score of pesticides. The 25 kinds of pesticide residues were detected in ginseng samples, the detection rate of quintozene(PCNB) was 78%, which was the most frequently detectable pesticide. The chronic dietary intake risks of 25 pesticide residues expressed as %ADI were 0.00%-2.6%, and their acute dietary intake risks expressed as %ARfD were 0.00%-104.2%. Among them the acute dietary intake risks of PCNB was 104%,which was the highest. The 25 pesticides were divided into 3 groups by risk score, high risk group(4 pesticides), medium risk group(6 pesticides), and low risk group(15 pesticides). Hexachlorobenzene, phorate, PCNB and BHC were classified as high risk group. It is necessary and effective to establish the limit of residual organic chlorine in ginseng from Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition). MRLs for PCNB and hexachlorobenzene in ginseng were proposed to be revised based on the results of risk assessment.