高速铁路对城市网络结构的影响研究————基于铁路客运班列分析

城市网络是近年来城市与区域研究的一个新方向.基于2003-2013年间8个横截面的中国铁路客运班列数据,采用加权度中心性和社区结构模型,探讨高速铁路建设对城市等级和集聚性空间格局及演化的影响.研究表明:① 基于铁路客运组织的城市等级结构呈现出位序--规模分布的特征和集聚性,且三大地带和各社区内城市也呈现出明显的位序--规模分布,随着高速铁路网络的扩展,加权度中心性的集聚性更明显,并逐步呈现出较为明显的层级结构和社区结构.② 城市等级结构呈现出明显的东中西地带性,廊道效应和经济,人口的耦合性,即基于铁路客运班列的城市等级结构与基于属性数据(人口/GDP)的结果表现出较大的相似性,但也存在一定的差异.城市社区结构与中国高速铁路网络,城市群的空间分布格局基本一致.随着高速铁路的建设,东中西三大地带间城市等级的差异呈扩大态势,但各社区间城市等级的差异呈缩小态势,部分社区核心城市已形成.

Impact of high-speed rail on inter-city network based on the passenger train network in China, 2003-2013

The evolution of inter-city network influenced by globalization and information technology has become a hot topic in city and urban research. This study tries to explore the evolution of nodal hierarchy and communities in inter-city network based on passenger train network during the rapid development period of High-speed Railway (HSR) in China since 2003. Results indicate that: (1) the evolved HSR network in China enlarged the disparities of weighted degree centrality between regions, but decreased the disparities of that between communities, and led to an increasing concentrated city hierarchy with fewer cities having high centrality value, and a growing similarity between the city hierarchies measured by the passenger train network and by city attributes (such as population and GDP); (2) the city hierarchy measured by passenger train network followed a rank-size distribution in the national and regional levels, as well as in some communities. (3) Spatially, cities with higher hierarchy in passenger train network and larger improvement in weighted centrality indicator were mostly located in the eastern region or the areas with the distance to the nearest HSR stations below 50 km, developed economy and high population density; the cities in 2013 could be divided into 14 communities, including the communities with cities mainly located along Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Wuhan and Wuhan-Chengdu, Wuhan-Guangzhou, Beijing-Jiujiang, Hangzhou-Xiamen, Lanzhou-Urumqi trunk rail lines, and located in Northeast China, Shanxi Province, Inner Mongolia. (4) The evolution of communities was mostly influenced by the natural environment and administrative areas, especially by the development of HSR network.