慢性肾脏病患者中体力活动与死亡风险的前瞻性关联研究

目的 探究中国成年慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者中体力活动与全因死亡、心血管疾病（CVD）死亡和CKD死亡风险的前瞻性关联。方法 利用中国慢性病前瞻性研究基线调查的数据，采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析总体力活动、不同类型、不同强度体力活动水平与全因死亡、CVD死亡、CKD死亡风险的关联。结果 共纳入6 676名CKD患者，随访时间M（Q₁，Q₃）为11.99（11.13，13.03）年，死亡698名（10.46%）。与总体力活动水平最低组相比，总体力活动水平最高组全因死亡、CVD死亡、CKD死亡风险较低，风险比（HR）值（95%CI）分别为0.61（0.47~0.80）、0.40（0.25~0.65）、0.25（0.07~0.85）。工作、交通、家务相关体力活动与全因死亡、CVD死亡风险呈不同程度的负相关。其中，与工作相关体力活动水平最低组相比，最高组全因死亡（HR=0.56，95%CI：0.38~0.82）、CVD死亡（HR=0.39，95%CI：0.20~0.74）风险较低；与交通相关体力活动水平最低组相比，最高组CVD死亡风险较低（HR=0.43，95%CI：0.22~0.84）；与家务相关体力活动水平最低组相比，最高组全因死亡（HR=0.61，95%CI：0.45~0.82）、CVD死亡（HR=0.44，95%CI：0.26~0.76）、CKD死亡（HR=0.03，95%CI：0.01~0.17）风险较低；未发现休闲相关体力活动与死亡风险间的关联。低强度、中高强度体力活动均与全因死亡、CVD死亡、CKD死亡风险呈负相关，低强度体力活动水平最高组对应的HR值（95%CI）分别为0.64（0.50~0.82）、0.42（0.26~0.66）、0.29（0.10~0.83），中高强度体力活动水平最高组对应的HR值（95%CI）分别为0.63（0.48~0.82）、0.39（0.24~0.64）、0.23（0.07~0.73）。结论 体力活动可以降低CKD患者全因死亡、CVD死亡和CKD死亡的风险。

Prospective association between physical activity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease

Objective To investigate the prospective association of physical activity with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) mortality in CKD patients in China. Methods Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the association of total, domain-specific, and intensity-specific physical activity with the risk of all-cause, CVD, and CKD mortality based on data from the baseline survey of China Kadoorie Biobank. Results During a median follow-up of 11.99 (11.13, 13.03) years, there were 698 deaths in 6 676 CKD patients. Compared with the bottom tertile of total physical activity, participants in the top tertile had a lower risk of all-cause, CVD, and CKD mortality, with hazard ratios (HRs) (95%CIs) of 0.61 (0.47-0.80), 0.40 (0.25-0.65), and 0.25 (0.07-0.85), respectively. Occupational, commuting, and household physical activity were negatively associated with the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality to varying degrees. Participants in the top tertile of occupational physical activity had a lower risk of all-cause (HR=0.56, 95%CI: 0.38-0.82) and CVD (HR=0.39, 95%CI: 0.20-0.74) mortality, those in the top tertile of commuting physical activity had a lower risk of CVD mortality (HR=0.43, 95%CI: 0.22-0.84), and those in the top tertile of household physical activity had a lower risk of all-cause (HR=0.61, 95%CI: 0.45-0.82), CVD (HR=0.44, 95%CI: 0.26-0.76) and CKD (HR=0.03, 95%CI: 0.01-0.17) mortality, compared with the bottom tertile of corresponding physical activity. No association of leisure-time physical activity with mortality was observed. Both low and moderate-vigorous intensity physical activity were negatively associated with the risk of all-cause, CVD and CKD mortality. The corresponding HRs (95%CIs) were 0.64 (0.50-0.82), 0.42 (0.26-0.66) and 0.29 (0.10-0.83) in the top tertile of low intensity physical activity, and the corresponding HRs (95%CIs) were 0.63 (0.48-0.82), 0.39 (0.24-0.64) and 0.23 (0.07-0.73) in the top tertile of moderate-vigorous intensity physical activity. Conclusion Physical activity can reduce the risk of all-cause, CVD, and CKD mortality in CKD patients.