Productivity and profitability of cotton–wheat system as influenced by relay intercropping of insect resistant transgenic cotton in bed planted wheat |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan;2. Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan;3. The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;4. College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;1. Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway;1. Potsdam-Institut für Klimafolgenforschung, Postfach 601203, 14412 Potsdam, Germany;2. Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change, Torgauer Str. 12, 10829 Berlin, Germany;1. INSEAD, France;2. Columbia Business School, Columbia University, United States;1. National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize, Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China;2. College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;3. Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Goettingen, Buesgenweg 2, 37077 Goettingen, Germany;4. Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baicheng City, Jilin Province, 137000, China;1. Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada;2. Local Initiatives for Biodiversity, Research and Development (LI-BIRD), Kaski, Pokhara, Nepal;1. State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China;2. School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China;3. Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation and Application of Gansu Province, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China;4. French Associates Institute for Agriculture & Biotechnology of Drylands, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 84990, Israel |
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| Abstract: | Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the leading cash crop being grown across the globe including Pakistan. By the inclusion of insect resistant transgenic cotton (BT cotton), the cotton production has mounted many folds in Pakistan. BT cotton is mostly grown in Southern Punjab in cotton–wheat cropping system of Pakistan; however there exists a time conflict among wheat harvest and BT cotton sowing in this system. Wheat is harvested during late April but the ideal sowing time of BT cotton is early-mid March indicating a time conflict of 4–6 weeks which is becoming the main concern leading to wheat exclusion from this system. Intercropping of BT cotton in standing wheat is one of the possible options to manage this overlapping period. This two year field study was, therefore, conducted at two locations (Multan, Vehari) to evaluate the economic feasibility of relay intercropping of BT cotton through different sowing methods in BT cotton–wheat cropping system. BT cotton–wheat cropping systems included in the study were: conventionally tilled cotton (CTC) on fallow land during early and late March, CTC during late April after harvest of flat sown wheat (FSW), bed sown wheat (BSW) + intercropped cotton during early and late March, and ridge sown wheat (RSW) + intercropped cotton during early and late March. Planting cotton in fallow land with conventional tillage during early March had more seed cotton yield; whereas planting in the same way during April after wheat harvest had minimum seed cotton yield. Likewise, FSW had more yield than ridge and bed sown wheat with intercropped BT cotton during early or late March. However, the system productivity in terms of net income, benefit: cost ratio and marginal rate of return of BSW + intercropped BT cotton during early March was the highest during both years at both locations. However, the system with sole crop of BT cotton sown on fallow land during late or early March was the least economical even than the system with CTC during late April after harvest of FSW. In conclusion, BSW + intercropped cotton during early March may be opted to manage the time conflict and improve the economic productivity of BT cotton–wheat cropping system without wheat exclusion from the system. |
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| Keywords: | Cropping system Economic analysis Intercropping Planting methods |
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