铜陵地区儿童呼吸道过敏性疾病的变应原谱研究

目的分析铜陵地区儿童呼吸道过敏性疾病的变应原谱特征,为本地区儿童常见过敏性疾病的防治提供科学依据。方法选择患有儿童哮喘和(或)变应性鼻炎、特应性皮炎等患儿50例,男性31例,女性19例,平均年龄(6.32±3.13)岁。所有对象均选用20种变应原进行皮肤点刺试验,以组胺作阳性对照,生理盐水作阴性对照。结果铜陵地区吸入性变应原以粉尘螨的阳性率最高为84%,其次是户尘螨阳性率82%、猫毛和狗上皮阳性率54%。食入性过敏原以海虾的阳性率最高62%,其次为牛肉和鸡蛋黄阳性率58%、花生阳性率56%。儿童哮喘、变应性鼻炎、特应性皮炎患儿均以尘螨类过敏最为常见。结论过敏性因素是儿童过敏性疾病的重要诱发因素,铜陵地区最常见的变应原是尘螨类、狗猫皮毛类和海虾、牛肉,可通过皮肤点刺试验明确过敏原,有助于对儿童常见呼吸道过敏性疾病进行早期诊断及早期干预。

Investigations on allergens of respiratory tract allergic diseases in children from Tongling

Objective To investigate the composition characteristics of allergens in children with respiratory tract allergic diseases in Tongling,so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention of hypersensitivity disease among children in Tongling.Methods Fifty cases suffered from bronchial asthma and/or allergic rhinitis and/or atopic dermatitis and other children were chosen,in which 31 were males and 19 were females.The average age was(6.32±3.13) years old.All the patients underwent skin prick tests(SPT) with 20 allergens.Histamine was used as the positive control and normal saline as negative control.Results Of the inhalant allergens in Tongling,dust mite was positive in 84%,followed by house dust mite(82%),and feather of dogs and cats(54%).Compared with those of food allergens,the positive rate was in the order of sea shrimp(62%),beef and yolk(58%),and peanut(56%).Mites were the commonest aeroallergens in patients with asthma,allergic rhinitis,and atopic dermatitis.Conclusion The allergen is the important factor in allergy diseases.Mites,feather of dogs and cats,sea shrimp and beef were the most prevalent allergens in Tongling.Those patients with respiratory tract allergic diseases usually have SPT to identify certain allergen,which contributes to the earlier diagnosis and prevention of asthma and/or allergic rhinitis.