含纳米铝颗粒的JP-10凝胶燃料理化及流变性能

为了提高液体燃料能量并解决纳米金属颗粒在燃料中沉降的问题,研究以有机小分子凝胶剂(LMWG)为凝胶因子,制备了含有纳米铝颗粒的JP-10凝胶燃料,测定了最低凝胶剂含量和凝胶相转变温度,探讨了凝胶剂含量和纳米铝颗粒含量对燃料密度、黏度、离心稳定性等物理化学性能的影响,通过剪切变稀测试、触变性测试、应变扫描、频率扫描等测试了凝胶燃料的流变性能。结果表明,纳米铝颗粒在LMWG/JP-10凝胶燃料中稳定分散,同时凝胶燃料可以在施加剪切力或加热的条件下实现凝胶态与液态的相互转变;铝颗粒的加入显著提高了燃料的密度、体积热值和黏度,当纳米铝颗粒含量为25%时,2%LMWG/JP-10的密度为1.156 g·mL^-1,剪切黏度为840 mPa·s,体积热值为45.8 MJ·L^-1。铝颗粒含量少于25%时会影响凝胶体系的稳定性,但当铝颗粒含量达到25%时,体系的稳定性超过同等LMWG凝胶剂含量的纯燃料。铝颗粒的加入显著增强凝胶体系的机械强度和结构稳定性,但燃料依旧保持良好的剪切变稀特性,并且无法恢复至受剪切作用前的状态。

Physicochemical and Rheological Properties of Al/JP-10 Gelled Fuel

To increase the energy of liquid fuels and solve the problem that the nanoparticles cannot be stably dispersed, here a low-molecular weight gellant (LMWG) was used to synthesize JP-10 gel containing nano-sized aluminum particles (Al/JP-10). The critical gellant concentration and the transition temperature of JP-10 gels were determined, and the basic physical properties such as density, viscosity, volumetric heat and physical stability of metallized JP-10 gels were studied. Their rheological properties were also investigated by shear-thinning tests, thixotropic tests, strain sweep tests and frequency-sweep tests. Results show that aluminum nanoparticles can be stably dispersed in the LMWG/JP-10 gels, and the gels can be converted into liquid state under the condition of shearing or heating. The addition of LMWG and nano-sized aluminum nanoparticles significantly increases the density, volumetric heat value and viscosity of gels. When the content of aluminum is 25%, the density, viscosity and volumetric heat value of 2% LMWG/JP-10 is 1.156 g·mL^-1, 840 mPa·s, 45.8 MJ·L^-1, respectively. When the aluminum particles content is less than 25%, the stability of the gel system is decreased. While when the aluminum particles content reaches 25%, the stability of gelled fuel is better than that of gelled fuel without nanoparticles. Although the presence of metal nanoparticles significantly enhances the mechanical strength and structural stability of the gel system, the gels still maintain good shear-thinning characteristics and have less gel recovery after shearing.