基于极地冰芯的历史火山活动序列重建研究进展

火山气溶胶通过反射太阳辐射导致地表降温。重建历史火山活动序列,是评估其气候效应,从而区分人为和自然因子的相对贡献、预测温室气体对全球气候影响的基础之一。此综述简要介绍了火山活动影响气候的作用机理。通过对冰芯研究历史及利用两极冰芯记录重建火山活动序列的研究进展的回顾,阐述了极地冰芯在火山活动序列重建中的作用与优势,以及近期研究在冰芯钻取和数据分析手段、极地火山信号向大气辐射强迫转化方法等方面所取得的成果;同时指出在火山沉积物的空间分布、冰芯定年及高低纬度火山喷发源的确定方面仍存在较大不确定性。因此应结合火山碎屑研究及非质量同位素分馏分析等方法,并钻取更多时间尺度更长且现有冰芯钻取较少的地区的深冰芯,以更精确地重建火山活动序列,从而提高对历史火山活动及其对气候影响的认识。

PROGRESS OF RESEARCH ON BIPOLAR-ICE-CORE-BASED VOLCANIC FORCING IND EX RECONSTRUCTIONS

Sulfate aerosols from large explosive volcanic eruptions cool the Earth' surface by reflecting and scattering incoming solar radiation. Understanding the climatic impact of past volcanism is vital to evaluate human impacts on climate through greenhouse emissions and land surface modification. Accurate assessment of such contributions depends on the use of robust forcing indices. This paper provides a brief overview of the climatic impacts of volcanic eruptions, and reviews the progress over the past three decades on polar ice-core volcanic records and on volcanic forcing index reconstruction suing these ice cores. This is followed by an in-depth review of the advantages, as well as the limitations and challenges, of using multiple ice cores from polar regions for reconstructing the volcanic history of the late Holocene. Advances in analytical tools and the methodology of volcanic signal extraction, as well as the volcanic forcing index based on multiple bipolar ice cores are further discussed. Finally, perspectives are offered on how future polar ice-core research could improve the development of a volcanic index suitable for state-of-the-art climate models.