基于磨耗稳定态的高性能摩擦磨损实验机研制

电气化铁路中电力机车靠受电弓滑板与接触网导线的滑动接触来获取动力,它们之间的摩擦接触状态直接影响到机车的运行速度和牵引力,同时其摩擦磨损性能决定了机车连续运行的时间和接触网导线的使用寿命.实际应用中二者构成了一对机械与电气耦合的特殊摩擦副,它们之间的磨耗过程是1个非常复杂的物理化学过程.通过研究发现,机车在正常运行过程中,滑板与接触网导线在运行一段时间以后会出现1个磨耗量较低、磨耗率相对稳定的阶段,在该阶段中摩擦副表面有一层光亮的膜层,称此时为磨耗稳定态,磨耗稳定态对磨擦副的性能及运行寿命具有重要的影响.为了对受电弓滑板与接触导线的载流磨耗特性进行实验研究,分析磨耗稳定态出现的规律,制作了1台高性能摩擦磨损实验机.实验机实验参数调节范围宽,测量精度高,功能强,也可用于电刷和电机滑环等滑动电接触实验.

High-performance frition and wear prototyping based on wear sleady-state

Pertaining to an electrical railroad, the electric locomotive power is generated through the sliding contact between pantograph contact strips and networked contact wires. The frictional contact states directly affect the operational speed adn traction force. Actually,a specific frictional or tribological pair is generated in terms of mechanical-electricl coupling. In particular, the wear process is associated with a physical-chemical reaction. From experimental results, it is found that a relatively low wear value, along with a relatively stable wear rate, occurs under normal conditions. At this stage, a bright surface membrane, which is formed in a steady state, impacts significantly on the performance and operational life-cycle of frictional pair. In order to test the carrier-current wear between pantograph contact strips and networked contact wires,a high-performance friction-wear prototyping is developed by analyzing the properties of steady-state wear. Accordingly, it is observed that this prototyping possesses such advantages as wide-range adjustment, high measurement precision and good functionality. In addition, this approach can be applied for sliding electric contact experiments between electric brush and motor slip-ring.