耗材摩擦焊中的耗材过渡与成形机理研究

以 1 Cr1 8Ni9Ti为耗材在低碳钢母材表面进行了摩擦焊敷试验。观察测量了不同工艺参数匹配下耗材金属的过渡行为和真实接触面的大小 ,阐明了耗材金属的过渡机理和真实接触面的变化规律及影响因素 ;以特征流线为依据 ,建立了过渡金属形成初始焊敷层的物理模型并分析了摩擦碾压作用对焊敷层最终成形和界面连接过程的影响。研究表明 ,耗材金属是通过真实接触面过渡到母材表面的 ,真实接触面位于旋转界面的中心区域 ,其大小随耗材转速和摩擦压力的增大而减小 ;真实接触面两侧不对称的温度分布是推动耗材金属过渡的驱动力 ;摩擦碾压作用是焊敷层最终成形和界面形成可靠连接的决定因素。

Study on the Mechanism of Metal Transferring and Shaping during Consumable-rod Friction Welding

Using the consumable rods of 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel and several matches of processing parameters ,the experiments of friction surfacing welding were carried out to clarify the nature of technical phenomena, the flow behavior of transferred metal and the shaping mechanism of welding deposition. The size of the real contact plane is measured elaborately. This paper further illuminates the mechanism of real contact plane decreasing with an increasing rotational speed and friction pressure. According to the characteristic flowline of the welding deposition, the investigation establishes the physical model on the metal transferring and developing into the initial welding deposition. Furthermore, this paper discussed in detail the impact of friction rolling upon the final shaping of welding deposition and the joining quality of interface between them. The results indicate that the real contact plane occurs in the central zone of the rotational plane and its area decreases with the increase of friction pressure and rotational speed. The consumable metal transfers not from the whole rotational plane, but real contact plane. The asymmetrical distribution of temperature between the contact interface is the driving force for the metal transferring. The effect of friction rolling determines the final shaping of welding deposition and the joining quality of the contact interface.