企业的性质:一个综合的观点

认为新制度主义的交易成本说着重从交换关系方面来分析企业的性质 ,认为通过组织的形成 ,由内部交换替代外部交换有利于成本的节约 ;而马克思主义的价值增进说则强调了企业的生产功能 ,这种理论认为 ,公司不仅仅是与市场相对应的等级制资源配置方式 ,而更主要是一种资源利用的组织 ,企业之所以比市场更有效率 ,就在于增进了生产过程中各劳动间的协调。交易成本说和价值增进说各有其独特的分析优势 ,如果将经济的增长分为开源和节流两个方面 ,交易成本说的核心思想就在于节流 ,而价值增进说则强调了开源的首要意义。但是 ,这两种观点同时又各有片面性 ,更为全面的分析应该结合两个方面 ,这也就是动态的综合收益增进说的企业理论

On the Nature of Enterprises:A Comprehensive Point of View

The doctrine of transaction cost of Neoinstitutional Economics chiefly analyses the nature of enterprises from exchange relationship.It will be benefical to save the cost by means of replacing expernal exchange by internal exchange through the formation of organizations.Marxist doctrine of the increment of value emphasizes the function of preduction.It states that a company is not only a pattern of hierarchial allocation of resources corresponding to the market, but mainly an organization to utilize the resources. The reason why an enterprise is more efficient than the market lies in the increment of coordination among various working sections in the process of production.The doctrine of transaction cost, as well as dottrine of increment of value, has its paticular analysis advantage, the former emphasizing reduction of expenditure, while tha latter stressing broadening sources of income.But there has been respective one sidedness as to these two points of view.The more comperhensive analysis should be the combination of these two views, that is to say, the enterprise theory of dynamic comprehensive increment of income.