有机硅防污涂料的研究进展

随着海洋环保意识的提高,环境友好型防污涂料应运而生。有机硅防污涂料利用物理手段抑制生物污损,不对海洋环境造成污染,目前得到了广泛的开发和使用。然而有机硅材料自身的结构特点,导致有机硅防污涂料存在很多缺陷,需要对其进行改善。介绍了聚合物改性有机硅涂料、微纳米粉体改性有机硅涂料以及有机硅仿生复合防污涂料体系的研究进展,指出氟硅改性有机硅在保证有机硅涂料低表面能特性的同时,可提升涂料的机械性能。聚氨酯改性有机硅和丙烯酸改性有机硅,利用聚氨酯和丙烯酸树脂对基材优异的附着力,从而提升有机硅防污涂料与基材的附着力。微纳米粉体改性有机硅,最重要的特点是可以与树脂改性同时进行,从而实现双效防污的效果。应对仿生技术的发展,构建有机硅仿生复合防污涂料,通过模拟海洋生物的生物特性,实现长效持久的防污效果。最后提出未来有机硅防污涂料将向着多重改性、复合防污的方向发展。

Research Progress of Silicone Antifouling Paints

With the improvement of marine environmental awareness, environmentally friendly antifouling paints emerge at the right moment. Organosilicone antifouling paint inhibits biofouling in physical ways without causing pollution to marine environment, thereby it has been widely developed and used. However, there are many defects in organosilicone antifouling paint due to structural characteristics of organosilicone materials. Thus, it needs to be improved. The research progress of polymer-modified organosilicon paint, micro/nano powder-modified organosilicon paint and organosilicon bionic composite antifouling paint system were briefly summarized. It was pointed out that modifying organosilicone with fluorine silicon enhanced mechanical properties of the paint while guaranteeing low surface energy feature of organosilicone paint. Polyurethane modification and acrylic modification increased adhesion between organosilicone antifouling paint and substrate by applying excellent adhesion of polyurethane resin and acrylic resin to the substrate. The most important feature of micro/nano powder modification technology was that it can be carried out simultaneously with polymer modification, so as to achieve double effect antifouling effect. Dealing with the development of bionic technology, long lasting antifouling effect was realized by building organosilicon bionic composite antifouling paint and simulating the biological characteristics of marine organisms. Finally it was proposed that organosilicone antifouling paint will develop toward multiple modification and composite antifouling.