我国当前城乡差距的历史背景与主要特征

工业化、市场化和全球化是当前我国城乡差距的三大历史背景。市场化改革推动我国的工业化道路从计划性和跨越式转向自发性和渐进式,总体上取得了成功,而融入全球化潮流则加速了这一过程。但是,涉农领域市场化的滞后造成了我国工业化进程的短板——农村劳动力和人口的稳定城市化滞后。随着城市对农民工限制的取消、农业税的取消和城乡社会保障体系一体化速度的加快,户籍制度的实际影响大大削弱,农村土地制度才是深化涉农领域市场化改革的关键。由于市场化与全球化进程中区域发展的不均衡,中西部地区是当前我国涉农领域市场化改革的重点和难点地区。

Historical Background and Essential Characteristics of the Current Rural-Urban Gap of China

Industrialization,marketization and globalization are the three most important historical backgrounds of urban and rural gap in China.The reform of marketization conversed the industrialization mode of planned and leapfrogging-style to spontaneous and incremental mode and was generally successful.This progress was promoted as China took part in the globalization.But there is still a shortcoming caused by industrialization because of the marketization lag related to agricultural field,stabilized urbanization lag of rural labor and rural population.With the elimination of the urban limitation to rural migrant workers,with the elimination of agricultural tax,and with the acceleration of urban and rural social security integration,the impact of household register system has been less and less and rural land system is the key to deepening marketization reform related to agricultural field.Because of imbalance of regional development in the process of marketization and globalization,central and western regions of China are important and difficult regions in China’s marketization reform related to agricultural field.