古砖塔子结构压剪复合受力性能分析

为研究古塔子结构的受力性能，设计制作了3件不同楼层的子结构缩尺模型试件，进行低周反复加载试验，观察试件的开裂、变形及破坏现象；建立数值模型进行计算，得到了试验荷载作用下各试件的等效塑性应变、荷载?位移曲线，将计算结果与试验结果进行对比，分析竖向压应力对古塔砌体抗震性能的影响。结果表明，特征荷载的计算值相对试验值的误差均小于21%，等效塑性应变的分布与试件开裂破坏区域一致；当竖向压力保持恒定时，随着水平荷载的增大，塔体沿砌筑缝逐渐开裂破坏，裂缝宽度亦随之增大，在塔体洞口周围的破坏更为明显，且试件残余变形增大；随着压剪比的增大，古塔砌体开裂破坏的范围减小，抗剪承载力、刚度以及耗能能力均有所提高，但延性和变形能力略有降低。研究结果为砖石古塔建筑结构损伤及抗震能力评定提供参考。 

Analysis of the composite mechanical properties of the substructure of a masonry pagoda

Brick wall tubes, a popular form of ancient masonry pagoda, can be seen as a spatial lateral force resistance system. The masonry of the ancient pagoda is a case of compression and shear developed due to earthquakes. This composite compression and shear behavior is one of the key issues in the seismic capacity of masonry tube structure. In order to study the mechanical properties of the substructure of masonry pagodas, three sub-structural models were designed and constructed. Low cyclic loadings tests were conducted on the models and the crack, deformation, and failure phenomena were surveyed during the loading process. Simulation models were then developed for calculation, and results were obtained about the equivalent strain and load-displacement curve. Comparing the calculated results with the experimental results, the effects of vertical compressive stress on the masonry in the ancient tower were analyzed. Results showed that the error was less than 21% for the calculated value of the characteristic load relative to the test value. The distribution of equivalent plastic strain was consistent with the crack failure area of the specimens. When the vertical pressure remained constant with increasing horizontal load, the tower body gradually cracked, damage occurred along the masonry joints, and the width of cracks also increased. The failures around the structure opening were more obvious, and the residual deformation of specimens increased. With the increase in the ratio of compression to shear, the range of cracking and damage to the masonry of the ancient tower decreased, while shear bearing capacity, stiffness, and energy dissipation capacity were increased. However, ductility and deformation capacity slightly decreased. These results can provide references for the assessment to structural damage and seismic capability of ancient masonry pagodas.