黄连及黄连解毒汤对小鼠的急性毒性实验研究

 目的 探讨黄连单味药及其复方黄连解毒汤对小鼠的急性毒性，摸索半数致死量（LD₅₀）或最大耐受量，并确定其毒性靶器官。方法 采用灌胃给药的方法，给予不同剂量黄连水煎液或黄连解毒汤水煎液，连续观察7 d，检测药物对小鼠的急性毒性作用，用加权回归几率法（Bliss）计算LD₅₀，对死亡小鼠进行主要脏器的病理学观察。结果 黄连水煎液的小鼠LD₅₀剂量（以含黄连生药量计）为18.826 g·kg-1，95%可信限为16.923~21.314 g·kg-1，LD₅为12.407 g·kg-1，LD₉₅为28.565 g·kg-1。病理结果提示，黄连对小鼠的主要毒性靶器官为脑、肝、脾、肺、肾。黄连解毒汤未引起小鼠死亡，其最大耐受量（以含黄连生药量计，黄连-黄芩-黄柏-栀子=20∶6∶6∶9）为80 g·kg-1。结论 单味黄连水煎液具有毒性，其小鼠LD₅₀剂量（以含黄连生药量计）为18.826 g·kg-1，毒性靶器官为脑、肝、脾、肺、肾；经配伍后的黄连解毒汤则较为安全。

Research on Acute Toxicity of Coptidis Rhizoma and Huanglian Jiedu Decoction

OBJECTIVE To explore the acute toxicity of Coptidis rhizoma and Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HJD) to mice and find the target organs. METHODS The mice were intragastricly administered with Coptidis rhizoma and HJD at different doses and observed for toxic manifestations. The median lethal dose (LD₅₀) or maximally tolerated dose (MTD) was determined by Bliss method. The dead mice′s main organs (brain， heart， liver， spleen， lung， kidney， stomach， and bowel) were dissected immediately for pathological observation. The survived mice were observed for toxic manifestations for 7 d. RESULTS Coptidis rhizoma of higher dose resulted in more serious symptoms of poisoning and caused death while HJD did not. The LD₅₀ of Coptidis rhizoma in mice by oral administration was 18.826 g·kg-1（95% confidence interval 16.923~21.314 g·kg-1). Brain， liver， spleen， lung and kidney may be the target organs which were observed heavily damaged. The MTD of the HJD was 80 g·kg-1. CONCLUSION Coptidis rhizoma has low toxicity to mice with LD₅₀ of 18.826 g·kg-1 body weight. The target organs may be brain， liver， spleen， lung and kidney. HJD has much higher safety.