一种世界遗产保护类型分析：论矿业城镇遗产的概念与特征

我国大量矿业城镇已经或即将进入资源枯竭期,遗产保护和适应性利用成为重要现实课题。矿业城镇遗产兼具矿业遗产与城镇遗产双重属性,已成为国际遗产领域实践的遗产保护类型,而国内外研究焦点集中在了城镇范围内的矿业单体遗迹和遗产群的保护利用,对矿业城镇遗产基础研究不足。本文结合世界遗产中心有关文献与国际遗产保护实践,通过解读与评析国内外以往有关研究,分析矿业城镇遗产的概念、属性、类型与特征。研究发现:矿业城镇遗产是体现矿业与城镇互动关系,由矿业遗产与城镇遗产复合而成,且有自身属性特征的概念,具有聚焦城镇对象、具有关键遗产要素、体现要素系统关联和见证典型城镇特征的属性特征,可以根据形成时间与居住现状、遗产空间位置与形态、矿业发展与聚落关系等划分细分类型,具有时间跨度大、空间形态多样、重视城镇成因、遗产内容构成复杂以及价值阐释多元的特征。

A Conservation Type of World Heritage: the Concept and Characteristics of Mining Town HeritageDING Xinjun

A large number of mining cities or towns in China have entered or are about to enter the period of resource depletion, heritage protection and adaptive utilization have become important practical issues for these cities or towns. Mining town heritage has the dual attributes of mining heritage and urban heritage, and has become a particular heritage type in the international heritage field while the domestic and foreign research focuses on the protection and utilization of individual mining relic or relic series within the town so that the basic research on mining town heritage is insufficient. By combining relevant documents of the World Heritage Center and international heritage protection practice and interpreting and evaluating previous relevant research both at home and abroad, the study analyzed the concepts, attributes, types, and characteristics of mining town heritage and found that: mining town heritage is a concept that reflects the interactive relationship between mining and towns and is composed of mining heritage and town heritage, which has its own attributes characteristics - focusing on urban targets, having key heritage elements, embodying the systematic relationship of elements and witnessing the characteristics of typical cities and towns. It can be divided into subdivision types according to the formation time and the status quo of residence, the location and space shape of heritage, the relationship between mining development and settlement, which is characterized by large time span, diverse spatial forms, high valued causes of the towns, complex heritage content composition, and diverse value interpretation.