纤维素酶降解纤维素的研究进展

占植株干物质总重量2/3的纤维素,不但是地球表面天然起源的重要有机物质之一,而且它的降解还是自然界碳素循环的中心环节。利用植物类纤维这一可再生资源生产燃料酒精的研究已在世界各地逐步展开。纤维素酶作为一种高活性生物催化剂,其在纤维素降解过程中起到重要的作用。通过对纤维素的分子结构、天然纤维素分子的前处理以及纤维素酶分子的结构、作用机理和纤维素降解菌的选育、纤维素降解菌与非纤维素降解菌的协同作用等方面进行综述,指出纤维素底物结构的复杂性与多样性、纤维素酶降解纤维素的分子机制以及纤维素降解过程中多种微生物之间的相互作用是影响纤维素降解研究的关键问题,并对纤维素酶降解植物类纤维素生产燃料酒精的发展前景进行了展望。

Research progress in degradation of cellulose by cellulase

Cellulose account for 2/3 of total dry matter weight of plant,it is not only one of very important natural original organic matter on the earth surface,but also its degradation is the key link of carbon recycle in nature.The researches of applying the plant cellulose,a renewable resource to produce fuel alcohol,were gradually carried out all around the world.As a high active biocatalyst,cellulase plays an important role in the process of cellulose degradation.The molecular structure of cellulose,pretreatment of natural cellulose molecule,molecular structure and function mechanism of cellulase,the screening and culturing of cellulolytic microorganisms,the interaction between cellulolytic microorganisms and non-cellulolytic microorganisms,etc.were summarized in the paper.It puts forward that complexity and diversity of substrate structure of cellulose,molecular mechanism of cellulase on degrading cellulose and the interaction among several microorganisms in the process of cellulose degradation were the key problems on affecting the research of cellulose degradation. Moreover,the prospect of producing fuel alcohol by plant cellulose degraded with cellulase was forecasted.